Improved Management Options for Submergence-Tolerant (Sub1) Rice Genotype in Flood-Prone Rainfed Lowlands of West Bengal

Abstract

Flash flood or submergence is a common phenomenon in rice growing rainfed lowland areas that seriously affects crop establishment leading to severe yield losses. A few submergence-tolerant rice varieties have been developed by introgressing SUB1 gene into mega rice varieties of South Asia. Two of these, Swarna-Sub1 and Sambha Mahsuri-Sub1, are already released in India for the commercial cultivation. Performance of these varieties can be further enhanced through adoption of appropriate management practices both in nursery and in main field. Two on-station field experiments were conducted using Swarna-Sub1 during the wet season (kharif) of 2011 at Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal (India). Results of these experiments revealed that the use of lower seeding density (25 g m-2), application of balanced doses of N-P2O5-K2O @ 80-40-40 kg ha-1 in nursery and transplanting of aged seedlings (44 days) significantly improved plant survival, yield attributing traits and grain yield. An additional N-dose of 20 kg ha-1 at 7 days after receding of flood water resulted in better post-submergence recovery and maximum grain yield. In the on-farm trials conducted at three different locations in West Bengal, nursery raising of seedlings with the application of N-P2O5-K2O @ 80-40-40 kg ha-1, transplanting them at an optimum age (35 days) and application of 20 kg·N ha-1 after 7 days of de-submergence produced maximum grain yield of Swarna-Sub1.

Share and Cite:

M. Bhowmick, M. Dhara, S. Singh, M. Dar and U. Singh, "Improved Management Options for Submergence-Tolerant (Sub1) Rice Genotype in Flood-Prone Rainfed Lowlands of West Bengal," American Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 5 No. 1, 2014, pp. 14-23. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2014.51003.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] A. M. Ismail, “Flooding and Submergence Tolerance,” In: C. Kole, Ed., Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 2, 2013, pp. 269-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37048-9_7
[2] J. Bailey-Serres, T. Fukao, P. Ronald, A. Ismail, S. Heuer and D. Mackill, “Submergence Tolerant Rice: Sub1’s Journey from Landrace to Modern Cultivar,” Rice, Vol. 3, 2010, pp. 138-147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12284-010-9048-5
[3] A. M. Ismail, U. S. Singh, S. Singh, M. H. Dar and D. J. Mackill, “The Contribution of Submergence-Tolerant (Sub1) Rice Varieties to Food Security in Flood-Prone Rainfed Lowland Areas in Asia,” Field Crops Research, Vol. 152, 2013, pp. 83-93.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.01.007
[4] M. K. Bhowmick, M. C. Dhara, B. Duary and K. K. Bhadra, “Nursery Management for Achieving Higher Productivity of Hybrid Rice,” National Seminar on Recent Advances in Rice Genomics and Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, India, 2013, pp. 24-25.
[5] I. Dana and S. Chatterjee, “Swarna-Sub1: A Boon to the Farmers of West Bengal,” STRASA News, Vol. 5, 2012, p. 5.
[6] D. J. Mackill, A. M. Ismail, U. S. Singh, R. V. Labiosand and T. R. Paris, “Development and Rapid Adoption of Submergence-Tolerant (Sub1) Rice Varieties,” Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 115, 2012, pp. 303-356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394276-0.00006-8
[7] E. M. Septiningsih, B. C. Y. Collard, S. Heuer, J. Bailey-Serres, A. M. Ismail and D. J. Mackill, “Applying Genomics Tools for Breeding Submergence Tolerance in Rice,” In: R. K. Varshney and R. Tuberosa, Eds., Translational Genomics for Breeding: Abiotic Stress, Yield and Quality, 1st Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2013, pp. 9-30.
[8] E. S. Ella and A. M. Ismail, “Seedlings Nutrient Status before Submergence Affects Survival after Submergence in Rice,” Crop Science, Vol. 46, 2006, pp. 1673-1681.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0280
[9] E. S. Ella, M. L. Dionisio-Sese and A. M. Ismail, “Application of Silica at Sowing Negatively Affects Growth and Survival of Rice Following Submergence,” Philippine Journal of Crop Science, Vol. 36, 2011, pp. 1-11.
[10] P. C. Ram, M. A. Mazid, A. M. Ismail, P. N. Singh, V. N. Singh, M. A. Haque, U. Singh, E. S. Ella and B. B. Singh, “Crop and Resource Management in Flood-Prone Areas: Farmers’ Strategies and Research Development,” In: S. M. Haefele and A. M. Ismail, Eds., Proceedings Natural Resource Management for Poverty Reduction and Environmental Sustainability in Fragile Rice-Based Systems, Los Baňos (Philippines), International Rice Research Institute, 2009, pp. 82-94.
[11] R. K. Sarkar, J. N. Reddy, S. G. Sharma and A. M. Ismail, “Physiological Basis of Submergence Tolerance in Rice and Implications for Crop Improvement,” Current Science, Vol. 91, 2006, pp. 899-906.
[12] U. S. Singh, M. H. Dar, S. Singh, N. W. Zaidi, M. A. Bari, D. J. Mackill, B. C. Y. Collard, V. N. Singh, J. P. Singh, J. N. Reddy, R. K. Singh and A. M. Ismail, “Field Performance, Dissemination, Impact and Tracking of Submergence Tolerant (Sub1) Rice Varieties in South Asia,” SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, Vol. 45, 2013, pp. 112-131.
[13] H. S. Ravi Kumar, U. P. Singh, S. Singh, Y. Singh, J. M. Sutaliya, U. S. Singh and S. M. Haefele, “Improved Nursery Management Options for Submergence Tolerant (Sub1) Rice Genotypes in Flood-Prone Environments,” Third International Agronomy Congress, New Delhi, 2012, pp. 1248-1250.
[14] M. Haefele, A. M. Ismail, D. E. Johnson, C. Vera Cruz and B. Samson, “Crop and Natural Resource Management for Climate-Ready Rice in Unfavourable Environments: Coping with Adverse Conditions and Creating Opportunities,” CURE Workshop Climate Change, Siem Reap, 2010.
http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/docments/IRRI_website/Irri_workshop/LP_16.pdf
[15] G. M. Panaullah, M. S. Rahman and A. L. Shah, “Nutrient Management for Rice in the Flood Prone Ecosystem,” In: S. I. Bhuiyan, M. Z. Abedin and B. Hardy, Eds., Rice Research and Development in the Flood-Prone Ecosystem, Proceedings International Workshop on Flood-Prone Rice Systems, Gazipur, 2001, pp. 225-235.
[16] Anonymous, “Methods Manual: Soil Testing in India,” Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, 2011, p. 208.
[17] K. A. Gomez and A. A. Gomez, “Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research,” 2nd Edition, A Wiley-Inter-Science Publication (John Wiley and Sons), New York, 1984.
[18] D. M. TeKrony and D. B. Egli, “Relationship of Seed Vigour to Crop Yield: A Review,” Crop Science, Vol. 31, 1991, pp. 816-822.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100030054x
[19] M. K. Bhowmick, B. Duary, C. Kundu, M. C. Dhara and P. K. Biswas, “Rice Production Technologies for Sustaining Self-Sufficiency and Strengthening Rural Economy in West Bengal,” In: P. K. Chattopadhyay and S. Bhattacharya, Eds., Challenges of Livelihood and Inclusive Rural Development in the Era of Globalization, New Delhi Publishers, 2013, pp. 401-417.
[20] P. Singh, “Nutrient Management in Nursery for Improving Submergence Tolerance in Swarna-Sub1 Rice (Oryza sativa L.),” M. Sc. Dissertation, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), 2011.
[21] S. Yadav, “Effect of N-Enriched Seedling on Submergence Tolerance of SUB1 and Non SUB1 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties,” M. Sc. Dissertation, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), 2012.
[22] A. Mishra and V. M. Salokhe, “Seedling Characteristics and the Early Growth of Transplanted Rice under Different Water Regimes,” Experimental Agriculture, Vol. 44, 2008, pp. 1-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0014479708006388
[23] M. Himeda, “Cultivation Technique of Rice Nursling Seedlings: Review of Research Papers and its Future Implementation,” Agriculture and Horticulture, Vol. 69, 1994, pp. 679-683,791-796.
[24] H. A. Kordon, “Patterns of Shoot and Root Growth in Rice Seedlings Germinating under Water,” Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 11, 1974, pp. 685-690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2402218
[25] R. Sasaki, “Characteristics and Seedlings Establishment of Rice Nursling Seedlings,” Japanese Agricultural Research Quarterly, Vol. 38, 2004, pp. 7-13.
[26] P. N. Singh, P. C. Ram, A. Singh and B. B. Singh, “Effect of Seedling Age on Submergence Tolerance of Rainfed Lowland Rice,” Annals of Plant Physiology, Vol. 19, 2005, pp. 22-26.
[27] A. K. Pandey, “Nitrogen Management for SUB1 Rice Varieties in Submerged Rice Field (Oryza sativa L.),” M. Sc. Dissertation, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), 2013.
[28] A. R. Gomosta, “Crop Establishment in the Flood-Prone Ecosystem,” In: S. I. Bhuiyan, M. Z. Abedin and B. Hardy, Eds., Rice Research and Development in the FloodProne Ecosystem, Proceedings International Workshop on Flood-Prone Rice Systems, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2001, Los Baňos (Philippines), pp. 205-223.
[29] D. J. Mackill, A. M. Ismail and R. V. Labios, “Guidelines of Submergence-Tolerant Rice Varieties: Production and Management,” Raising Productivity in Rainfed Environments: Attacking the Roots of Poverty, Diliman, Quezon City, 2011.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.