Evaluation of two methods of estrus synchronization of cattle in Chad

Vounparet Zeuh, Mopate Logtene Youssouf, Nadjilem Dingamtar, Djonret Dezoumbe

Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad.
Livestock Polytechnic Institute of Moussoro, Moussoro, Chad;.
Zootechnical and Veterinary Research Laboratory, N’Djamena, Chad.

DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2014.41002                

Abstract

The results of an artificial insemination experiment carried out in the suburban area of N’Djamena are here reported. Two methods of synchronization (Norgestomet combination/estradiol/PGF_2a/PMSG and PGF_2a only) were used with Chadian zebu and crossed breeds in 2007 and 2008. Females were inseminated after induction of estrus with semen of French Normand breed. The fertility rate was low with PGF_2a (29.41%). The results obtained with the combination of several hormones were better (66.66%). The survival rates of crossbreeds were particularly low, 40% in 2007 and 33.33% in 2008, mainly due to the traditional management of the herd and the lack of technical support. The insemination cost of a cow was 39,550 F CFA in 2007 with PGF_2a and 59,200 F CFA in 2008 with the method consisting of combining of four hormones. The cost of producing a calf in those two years was very high, 134,470 F CFA in 2007 and 118,400 F CFA in 2008.

Keywords

Cattle; Estrus Synchronization; Pregnancy; Cost; Chad

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Thatcher, W.W., Moreira, F., Pancarci, S.M., Bartolone, J.A. and Santos, J.E. (2002) Strategies to optimize reproductive efficiency by regulation of ovarian function. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 23, 243-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00160-1
[2]	Cairoli, F., Mollo, A., Veronesi, M.C., Renaville, B., Faustini, M. and Battocchio, M. (2006) Comparison between cloprostenol induced and spontaneous estrus fertility in dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 41, 175-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00666.x
[3]	Holm, D.E., Thompson, P.N. and Irons, P.C. (2008) The economic effects of an estrus synchronization protocol using prostaglandin in beef heifers. Theriogenology, 70, 1507-1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.098
[4]	Chupin, D., Petit, M. and Pelot, J. (1976) Induction et synchronisation de l’ovulation chez les femelles de race à viande. Journées d’information ITEB-UNCEIA-INRA Paris.
[5]	Petit, M., Deletang, F. and Thibier, M. (1978) Reproductive responses of beef heifers and cows to exogenous progesterone administrated in silastre coil, oestradiol benzoate and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Theriogenoly, 9, 161-170.
[6]	Mauleon, P., Robert, S.J., Mc En Tee, K. and Aguer, D. (1977) Modifying factor of fertility after different Estrus. Control treatment in beef cattle. I.E.C. Conference Control of Reproduction in the Cow Galway, 27-30 September 1997, 280-283.
[7]	Mbaye, M. and Ndiaye, M. (1993) Etude des chaleurs et de la fertilité après un traitement de maitrise de la reproduction chez la vache zébu Gobra. In: Diop, P.E.H., Ed., Maitrise de la Reproduction et Amélioration Génétique des Ruminants. Apports des Technologies Nouvelles, 27-37.
[8]	Mbaye, M. (1979) Induction et synchronisation chez la femelle allaitante post-partum. Mémoire, UNCEIA, Paris.
[9]	Cisse, A.B. (1993) Synchronisation des chaleurs chez les vaches Ndama et zébu Maure avec de la prostaglandine F22a. In: Diop, P.E.H., Ed., Maitrise de la Reproduction et Amélioration Génétique des Ruminants. Apports des Technologies Nouvelles, 21-26.
[10]	Lhoste, P. and Pierson, J. (1976) L’expérimentation de l'insémination artificielle au Cameroun par importation de semence congelée. II. Essai de synchronisation de l’Estrus sur femelles Zébu. Revue d’Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 29, 67-74.
[11]	Mbaye, M., Diop, P.E.H. and Ndiaye M. (1989) Etude du cycle sexuel chez la vache de Ndama. In: Atelier sur la Reproduction du Bétail Trypanotolérant en Afrique (FAO-RAF/88/100). Banjul, 34-35.
[12]	Mattoni, M., Mukassa-Mugerwa, E., Gecchini, G. and Savoni, S. (1988) The reproductive performance of East African (Bos indicus) zebu cattle in Ethiopia. I. Estrus cycle length, duration, behaviour and ovulation time. Theriogenolgy, 30, 961-971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(88)80059-1
[13]	Ralambofiringa, B. (1978) Notes sur les manifestations du cycle oestral sur la reproduction des femelles Ndama. Revue d’Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 31, 91-94.
[14]	Traore, A. and Bako, G. (1984) Etude du cycle sexuel chez les vaches et génisses NDama élevées au C.R.Z. de Sotuba. Revue d’Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 37, 485-487.
[15]	Zeuh, V. (1992) Apercu sur les ressources animales du Tchad, Bovins, Ovins, Caprins, Porcins et Camelins. LRVZ/Farcha, N’Djamena, Tchad, 13 p.
[16]	Buck, N.G., Light, D. and Makabo, A.D. (1983) Conception rates of beef cattle in Botswana following synchronisation of oestrous with closprosteneol. Animal Production, 80, 61-67.
[17]	Ouedraogo, A. (1989) Contribution à l’étude de la synchronisation des chaleurs chez la femelle Baoulé au Burkina Faso. Thesis, EISMV No. 4, Dakar, Senegal.
[18]	Mgongo, F.O.K., Mujuni, P. and Kitambi, A. (2009) Pregnancy rates of crossbred dairy cattle synchronized using GnRH and one injection of PGF2alpha versus two injections of PGF2alpha prior to insemination. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 21, 136. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/8/mgon21136.htm
[19]	Schmidt, H., Jochle, W. and Smidt, D. (1973) Oestrous cycle synchronisation and oestrous induction in indigenous and European cattle in Tanzania. Journal of Agricultural Science, 81, 381-389.
[20]	Zare Shahneh, A., Mohammadi, Z., Fazeli, H., Moradi Shahre, M. and Dirandeh, E. (2008) The effect of GnRH injection on plasma concentrations, conception rate and ovulation rate in Iranian cows. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5, 1137-1141.