Exploration and Study of Jianpi Qushi Powder Combined with Standard Anti HP Quadruple Therapy in the Treatment of HP Infectious Gastritis of Spleen Deficiency and Dampness Stagnation Type ()
1. INTRODUCTION
Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (HP), a large number of studies at home and abroad have shown that [1-8], Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of infection of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer; Helicobacter pylori infection is also associated with gastric lymphoma, gastric cancer and dyspepsia. The World Health Organization’s Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) defined Helicobacter pylori as a class I carcinogen in 1994, and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori was taken as a guideline for preventing gastric cancer in many countries [9-12]. With the extensive drug treatment of HP infection, drug resistance has an increasing trend, and the probability of eradicating HP is also decreasing year by year. The treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection is facing greater challenges [13-16]. In recent years, the treatment plan of Helicobacter pylori has changed from tripartite combination to quadripartite combination, and the course of treatment has been extended continuously. The dosage of antibiotics has been increasing, but the efficacy is very limited; the side effects have been increasing, and a few patients have repeated attacks. The treatment of HP has entered a difficult period, and the exploration of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of HP infection has become a new idea for many domestic researchers [17 , 18]. In recent years, some domestic scholars and research institutions have also studied the treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine, and made some breakthroughs with definite curative effect, which has been well received by the majority of patients [19]. In order to understand the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder on HP infectious gastritis of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation type, this study used traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy to explore and study the treatment of HP infectious gastritis of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation type. The results are reported as follows.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Research Object
A retrospective control analysis was performed on 223 laboratory-confirmed patients with HP infection who were admitted to the outpatient department and inpatient department of our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. They were randomly divided into two groups, including 101 patients in the control group, aged 20-67 years old, with an average age of (45.74 ± 11.58) years old, 52 males and 49 females. χ2 = 0.1782, P = 0.6729, there was no significant difference between male and female; while, there were 122 patients in the treatment group, ranging in age from 21 to 71 years old, with an average age of (43.46 ± 11.56) years old, 50 males and 72 females, χ2 = 7.9344, P = 0.0049, and the difference was statistically significant. Although there was a certain gender difference in this group, the gender difference in the same group did not affect the treatment effect. The number of cases between the two groups was compared, χ2 = 3.9552, P = 0.0467, the difference was statistically significant; the age comparison of the two groups, t = 0.7741, P = 0.2209, the difference was not statistically significant, and the treatment effects were comparable. Comparison of gender between the two groups, χ2 = 2.4553, P = 0.1171, the difference was not statistically significant, and the treatment effects were comparable. The specific results are shown in Table 1. All enrolled cases were signed and agreed by the individual and implemented after discussion and comparison by the Ethics and Ethics Management Committee of the hospital.
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Table 1. Comparison of gender and age of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection between the two groups.
2.2. Treatment Methods
The treatment group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine jianpiqushi Powder combined with standard anti-HP quadruple therapy. Standard anti-HP quadruple drugs (Pantoprazole capsule 40 mg Qd, amoxicillin capsule 1.0 g, Bid, clarithromycin tablet 0.5 g Bid, bismuth potassium citrate tablet 0.6 g Bid) were taken orally for 14 days as a course of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine: Codonopsis pilosula 30 g, Atractylodes macrocephala 10 g, Poria cocos 10 g, white lentil 7.5 G, tangerine peel 10 g, Platycodon grandiflorum 2.5 G, yam 15 g, lotus seed 7.5 G, coix seed 7.5 G, fructus amomi 2.5 G, moxibustion licorice 10 g. One dose per day, packed 100 m mesh after crushing, taking one tablespoon each time with boiled water and once in the morning and evening, 14 days as a course of treatment. The control group received standard anti-HP quadruplet therapy (Pantoprazole capsule 40 mg Qd, amoxicillin capsule 1.0 g, Bid, clarithromycin tablet 0.5 g Bid, bismuth potassium citrate tablet 0.6 g Bid) for 14 days as a course of treatment. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were given periodic carbon breath test after the end of treatment.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
Statistical software SPSS24.0 was used for statistical analysis. T test was used for comparison of age, Chi-square test was used for comparison of gender and treatment effect, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
3. RESULTS
A repeat carbon breath test was performed one month after the end of the treatment course as designed in both groups. In the treatment group, 9 cases of Helicobacter pylori were still positive in 122 cases, accounting for 7.38%; the number of negative cases after treatment was compared with the number of still positive cases, χ2 = 177.3115, P = 0.0000, the difference was statistically significant. In the control group, 17 of the 101 cases were still positive for Helicobacter pylori, accounting for 16.83%; the number of negative cases after treatment was compared with the number still positive, χ2 = 88.8911, P = 0.0000, and the difference was statistically significant. Comparison of the number of Helicobacter pylori positive cases between the two groups after treatment, χ2 = 4.7955, P = 0.0285, the difference was statistically significant. The specific results are shown in Table 2.
4. DISCUSSION
Helicobacter pylori infection is a global problem [20 , 21], and it is estimated that more than 50% of the global population is infected. The infection rate of HP in developed countries is 30%-50%, and that in developing countries is about 80%. About one third of adults in northern Europe and North America have HP infection, while the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is usually higher than 50% in southern and Eastern Europe, South America and Asia. In China, a survey of the general population in areas with high
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Table 2. Comparison of the number of Helicobacter pylori positive cases between the two groups after treatment.
incidence of gastric cancer showed that the prevalence of HP was 63.4%. It can be seen that HP is one of the pathogenic bacteria with high infection rate and shows a global epidemic trend, while there are significant differences in infection rates all over the world.
A large number of studies and clinical treatment practices at home and abroad show that [22-24], HP infection and colonization is the primary condition for its pathogenesis. If HP is removed, gastritis and gastric ulcer will be improved. The pH value of membrane layer in normal human stomach is about 2-4, and the pH value of gastric juice is about 2. Studies by weeks and others have shown that HP extracellular urease is inactivated when pH value is ≤4.5 and survives for less than 5 minutes when pH value is lower than 4.0. Then why can HP survive in a highly acidic environment in the stomach? Weeks and Scott believe that HP urea channel UreI can absorb urea from outside cells for intracellular urease to decompose into ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The “ammonia cloud” formed by ammonia (NH3) creates a “comfortable” environment with Low oxygen and weak acid for HP colonization, which is a necessary molecule for HP colonization, However, the molecular immune characteristics of UreI and whether it can be used as a drug target to prevent HP infection have not been further reported.
According to traditional Chinese medicine [25], Helicobacter pylori belongs to the category of “evil Qi”. The “Qi will be empty if the evil is gathered together”, “the positive Qi exists, and the evil cannot invade”. Supporting the positive and eliminating the evil is the basic principle for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori related diseases. According to the method of dividing treatment of deficiency and excess, those with excess can reduce it, those with deficiency can supplement it, and those with both deficiency and excess can supplement and reduce it. The excess is mainly manifested as dampness and heat, and the method of dispelling evil focuses on clearing heat and dispelling dampness. Deficiency is mainly manifested as spleen deficiency, and the method of strengthening health focuses on tonifying middle Qi, strengthening spleen and stomach. The effectiveness and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of HP infection need more in-depth and meticulous confirmation by more researchers through basic and clinical research. At present, the treatment method of traditional Chinese medicine is mainly through systemic regulation to achieve the therapeutic effect, which can directly inhibit and kill HP. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment can improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with HP infection.
The results of this study showed that the cure rate of standard anti HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation was 83.17%, while the cure rate of Traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation was 92.62%; the cure rates of the two groups were compared, χ2 = 4.7955, P = 0.0285, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), which showed that Traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy was superior to standard anti HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation.
5. CONCLUSION
Traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation type is one of the best treatment schemes for HP infection. The results of this study achieve the best clinical treatment effect, and provide a more valuable and reliable method for the treatment of gastropathy in clinical internal medicine, which is worthy of popularization and application. This study provides an effective scientific basis for clinical practice, so as to reduce patients’ pain, reasonably select antibiotics, reduce complications, reduce patients’ economic burden, promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine, and then produce indirect economic and social benefits.
6. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The selected case area of this study is narrow, and the results can not represent all regions. It is necessary to further expand the research scope and select cases from different regions for research, so as to obtain more representative research results.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
During the process of this topic research, we got much help from many departments and individuals, and other personnel not involved in this project research. All of them offered a great support and help in this research. Now here, all of members in this research show our deepest appreciation to them, and wish them good health and everything goes well.
FUNDING
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau Self-Funded Scientific Research Project (NO.: GZZC2019157).
NOTES
*Co-first author.
#Corresponding author.
†Co-corresponding author.