With the continuous development of science and technology and the deepening of international academic exchanges, international scientific research cooperation has become an important part of national strategy. Therefore, the research on the influencing factors of scientific research cooperation between China and “One Belt and One Road” countries plays an important guiding role in promoting the cultural, scientific and technological exchanges between them. This article is based on the United States patent and trademark office (USPTO) database in 2008-2017 patent cooperation data. On the basis of studying the current situation of scientific research cooperation between China and countries along the Belt and Road by means of intelligence mining, this paper innovate and quote the model of frontier gravity in economics creatively, and conducte an empirical study on the factors affecting scientific research cooperation between China and countries along the Belt and Road. The empirical results show that, except that the countries bordering on each other will inhibit China’s scientific research cooperation with countries along the “One Belt and One Road”, national scientific research strength, national innovation capacity, bilateral relations and economic scale will all promote the development of international scientific research cooperation. However, the geographical distance between the two countries has no significant impact on it. Besides, the limitation of this paper is that the number of patent cooperation between China and “One Belt and One Road” countries is generally small; many countries are not involved in patent cooperation, and data of some countries are missing and incomplete.