ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemias and related factors, in Brazilian adolescents from rural and urban areas. This is a cross-sectional study with 182 adolescents aged 10 to 13 years, students, residing in the rural and urban area of Brazil; grouped according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Sexual maturation, physical activity, blood pressure, nutritional status and body composition were evaluated. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and serum triglycerides were dosed. The food frequency questionnaire was applied, quantifying energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, full fat and fibers. Bivariate and multiple analyses were carried out, by logistic regression. It was verified that 84.6% (n = 154) adolescents presented some lipid profile alteration. There was no difference in the lipid profile between adolescents for residence place. However, as for gender, it was noticed that girls presented higher levels of total cholesterol and HDL (p < 0.05). In addition, adolescents with excess weight and body fat showed lower HDL and higher triglycerides values compared with eutrophic and with those with appropriate body fat percentage (p < 0.05). In the multiple analyses, it was observed that gender and signs of sexual maturation were associated with total cholesterol; fiber intake remained associated with HDL and signs of sexual maturation with LDL (p < 0.05). For triglycerides the related factors were gender, nutritional status and protein intake (p < 0.05). The elevated prevalence of dyslipidemias found between adolescents from rural and urban areas reinforces the importance of monitoring these alterations and information as for the related risk factors, with programs for correction of changeable factors.