Author(s)

Hassan H. M. Zaky¹, Dina M. Armanious², Mohamed Ali Hussein³

¹Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, and Social Research Center of the American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
²Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
³Faculty of Commerce, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

Aim: This study seeks to investigate the factors determining the utilization of antenatal care services, the frequency of that use, and the timing of receiving antenatal care among Egyptian women utilizing a national representative data from Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) in 2000 and 2014. Methods: The paper estimates the logistic regression model, zero-inflated negative binomial model (ZINB), and negative binomial regression model (NB) to identify the most important determinants of antenatal health care utilization. Results: The findings indicate that the period 2000-2014 has experienced a significant increase in the use of antenatal health care services. The use of the public sector antenatal care services relative to that of the private sector has been decreasing over time. Moreover, wealth index, women’s education and quality of health services play significant roles in increasing accessibility of antenatal health care services. On the other hand, women’s empowerment has shown a positive effect in 2000 only. Conclusion: The study highlights the most vulnerable groups that are less likely to have access to antenatal health care services, mainly women who are less educated, poor and living in rural areas especially Upper Egypt. This certainly requires a more targeted health strategy with an equity lens.

Antenatal Health Care Services, Binary and Count Data, Negative Binomial Regression, Determinants, Egypt

Zaky, H. , Armanious, D. and Hussein, M. (2019) Determinants of Antenatal Health Care Utilization in Egypt (2000-2014) Using Binary and Count Outcomes. Health, 11, 25-39. doi: 10.4236/health.2019.111004.