AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics,2021,11,53-63
https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajcm
ISSNOnline:2161-1211
ISSNPrint:2161-1203
ConvergenceandSuperconvergenceofFully
DiscreteFiniteElementforTimeFractional
OptimalControlProblems
YuelongTang
CollegeofScience,HunanUniversityofScienceandEngineering,Yongzhou,China
Email:tangyuelonga@163.com
Howtocitethispaper:Tang,Y.L.(2021)
ConvergenceandSuperconvergenceofFully
DiscreteFiniteElementforTimeFractional
OptimalControlProblems.AmericanJour-
nalofComputationalMathematics, 11, 53-63.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcm.2021.111005
Received:February10,2021
Accepted:March22,2021
Published:March25,2021
Copyright
c
2021byauthor(s)andScientific
Research PublishingInc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Com-
monsAttributionInternationalLicense(CC
BY4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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ornaretelluseuurna.Sednecmetus.Cum
sociisnatoquepenatibusetmagnisdispar-
turientmontes,nasceturridiculusmus.Pel-
lentesquehabitantmorbitristiquesenectuset
netusetmalesuadafamesacturpisegestas.
Phasellusidmagna.Duismalesuadainter-
dumarcu.Integer metus.Morbipulvinar pel-
lentesquemi.Suspendissesedesteumagna
molestieegestas.Quisquemilorem,pulvinar
eget,egestasquis,luctusat,ante.Proinauc-
torvehicula purus.Fusce acnisl aliquamante
hendreritpellentesque.Classaptenttacitiso-
ciosquadlitoratorquentperconubianostra,
perinceptoshymenaeos.Morbiwisi.Etiam
arcumauris,facilisissed,eleifendnon,non-
ummyut,pede.Crasutlacustempormetus
mollisplacerat.Vivamuseutortorvelmetus
interdum malesuada.
Sedeleifend,erossitametfaucibuselemen-
tum,urnasapienconsectetuermauris,quis
egestasleojustononrisus.Morbinonfelisac
liberovulputatefringilla.Maurisliberoeros,
lacinianon,sodalesquis,dapibusporttitor,
pede.Classaptenttacitisociosquadlitora
torquentperconubianostra,perinceptoshy-
menaeos.Morbi dapibus mauris condimentum
nulla.Cum sociisnatoque penatibus etmagnis
disparturientmontes, nasceturridiculusmus.
Etiamsitameterat.Nullavarius.Etiamt-
inciduntduivitaeturpis.Donecleo.Morbi
vulputateconvallisest.Integeraliquet.Pel-
lentesque aliquetsodalesurna.
Nullameleifendjusto innisl.Inhachabitasse
plateadictumst.Morbinonummy.Aliquam
utfelis.Invelitleo,dictumvitae,posuereid,
vulputatenec,ante.Maecenasvitaepedenec
dui dignissim suscipit.Morbimagna.Vestibu-
lumidpurusegetvelitlaoreetlaoreet.Prae-
sentsedleovelnibhconvallisblandit.Ut
rutrum.Donecnibh.Donecinterdum.Fusce
sed pede sit amet elitrhoncus ultrices.Nullam
atenimvitaepedevehiculaiaculis.
Classaptenttacitisociosquadlitoratorquen-
tperconubianostra,perinceptoshymenaeos.
Aeneannonummyturpisidodio.Integereu-
ismodimperdietturpis.Utnecleonecdi-
amimperdietlacinia.Etiamegetlacuseget
miultriciesposuere.Inplacerattristiquetor-
tor.Sedportavestibulummetus.Nullaia-
culissollicitudinpede.Fusceluctustellusin
dolor.Curabiturauctorvelitasem.Mor-
bisapien.Classaptenttacitisociosquadl-
itoratorquentperconubianostra,perincep-
toshymenaeos.Donecadipiscingurnavehic-
ulanunc.Sedornareleoinleo.Inrhoncus
leoutdui.Aeneandolorquam,volutpatnec,
fringillaid,consectetuervel,pede.
Nullamalesuadarisusuturna.Aenean
pretiumvelitsitametmetus.Duisiaculis.In
hachabitasseplateadictumst.Nullammo-
lestieturpisegetnisl.Duisamassaidpede
dapibusultricies.Sedeuleo.Inatmaurissit
amettortorbibendumvarius.Phasellusjusto
risus,posuerein,sagittisac,variusvel,tor-
tor.Quisqueidenim.Phasellusconsequat,
liberopretiumnonummyfringilla,tortor lacus
vestibulumnunc,utrhoncusligulanequeid
justo.Nullamaccumsaneuismodnunc.Proin
vitae ipsumacmetus dictumtempus.Nam ut
wisi.Quisque tortor felis, interdum ac, sodales
a,sempera,sem.Curabiturinvelitsitamet
duitristiquesodales.Vivamusmaurispede,
laciniaeget,pellentesquequis,scelerisqueeu,
est.Aliquamrisus.Quisquebibendumpede
eudolor.
Donec tempusneque vitaeest.Aenean egestas
odio sed risus ullamcorper ullamcorper.Sed in
nullaatortortinciduntegestas.Namsapien
tortor,elementumsitamet,aliquamin,port-
titorfaucibus,enim.Nullamconguesuscipit
nibh.Quisqueconvallis.Praesentarcunibh,
vehicula eget,accumsaneu,tincidunta,nibh.
Suspendissevulputate,tortorquisadipiscing
viverra, lacus nibh dignissim tellus, eu suscipit
risusantefringilladiam.Quisquealiberov-
elpedeimperdietaliquet.Pellentesquenunc
nibh,eleifenda,consequatconsequat,hen-
dreritnec,diam.Sedurna.Maecenaslaoreet
eleifendneque.Vivamuspurusodio,eleifend
non,iaculisa,ultricessitamet,urna.Mau-
risfaucibusodiovitaerisus.Innisl.Praesent
purus.Integeriaculis,semeuegestaslacinia,
lacuspedescelerisqueaugue,inullamcorper
dolorerosaclacus.Nuncinlibero.
Fuscesuscipitcursussem.Vivamusrisusmi,
egestasac,imperdietvarius,faucibusquis,
leo.Aeneantincidunt.Donecsuscipit.Cras
idjustoquisnibhscelerisquedignissim.Ali-
quamsagittiselementumdolor.Aeneancon-
sectetuerjustoinpede.Curabiturullamcorper
ligula nec orci.Aliquam purus turpis,aliquam
id, ornarevitae,porttitor non,wisi.Maecenas
luctusportalorem.Donecvitaeligulaeu ante
pretiumvarius.Prointortormetus,convallis
et,hendreritnon,scelerisquein,urna.Cras
quisliberoeuligulabibendumtempor.Viva-
mustellusquam,malesuadaeu,tempussed,
temporsed, velit.Doneclaciniaauctor libero.
Praesentsednequeidpedemollisrutrum.
Vestibulumiaculisrisus.Pellentesquelacus.
Ut quisnunc sedodio malesuada egestas.Duis
amagnasitametligulatristiquepretium.Ut
pharetra.Vestibulumimperdietmagnanec
wisi.Maurisconvallis.Sedaccumsansollic-
itudinmassa.Sedidenim.Nuncpedeenim,
laciniaut,pulvinarquis,suscipitsemper,elit.
Crasaccumsaneratvitaeenim.Crassollici-
tudin.Vestibulumrutrumblanditmassa.
Sedgravidalectusutpurus.Morbilaoreet
magna.Pellentesque eu wisi.Proin turpis.In-
tegersollicitudinauguenecdui.Fuscelectus.
Vivamusfaucibusnullaneclacus.Integerdi-
am.Pellentesquesodales,enimfeugiatcursus
volutpat,semmaurisdignissimmauris,quis
consequatsemestfermentumligula.Nullam
justo lectus, condimentum sit amet, posuere a,
fringillamollis,felis.Morbinulla nibh,pellen-
tesqueat,nonummyeu,sollicitudinnec,ip-
sum.Crasneque.Nuncaugue.Nullamvitae
quamidquampulvinar blandit.Nunc sitamet
orci.Aliquameratelit,pharetranec,aliquet
a,gravidain,mi.Quisqueurnaenim,viverra
quis,suscipitquis,tinciduntut,sapien.Cras
placeratconsequatsem.Curabituracdiam.
Curabiturdiamtortor,molliset,viverraac,
tempusvel,metus.
Curabituraclorem.Vivamusnonjustoin
duimattisposuere.Etiamaccumsanligula
idpede.Maecenastinciduntdiamnecvelit.
Praesentconvallissapienacest.Aliquamul-
lamcorpereuismodnulla.Integermollisenim
veltortor.Nullasodalesplaceratnunc.Sed
tempusrutrumwisi.Duisaccumsangravi-
dapurus.Nuncnunc.Etiamfacilisisduieu
sem.Vestibulumsemper.Praesenteueros.
Vestibulumtellusnisl,dapibusid,vestibulum
sit amet,placerat ac,mauris.Maecenaset elit
uteratplaceratdictum.Namfeugiat,turpis
etsodalesvolutpat,wisiquamrhoncusneque,
vitaealiquamipsumsapienvelenim.Maece-
nassuscipitcursusmi.
Quisque consectetuer.In suscipit mauris a do-
lor pellentesque consectetuer.Mauris convallis
nequenonerat.Inlacinia.Pellentesqueleo
eros,sagittisquis,fermentumquis,tincidun-
tut,sapien.Maecenassem.Curabitureros
odio,interdumeu,feugiateu,portaac,nis-
l.Curabiturnunc.Etiam fermentum convallis
velit.Pellentesquelaoreetlacus.Quisquesed
elit.Namquistellus.Aliquamtellusarcu,
adipiscingnon,tincidunteleifend,adipiscing
quis,augue.Vivamuselementumplaceraten-
im.Suspendisseuttortor.Integerfaucibus
adipiscingfelis.Aeneanconsectetuermattis
lectus.Morbimalesuadafaucibusdolor.Nam
lacus.Etiamarcu libero,malesuadavitae,ali-
quamvitae,blandittristique,nisl.
Maecenasaccumsandapibussapien.Duis
pretiumiaculisarcu.Curabiturutlacus.Ali-
quamvulputate.Suspendisse utpurussed sem
tempor rhoncus.Utquam dui, fringillaat, dic-
tum eget,ultricies quis,quam.Etiam sem est,
pharetra non, vulputate in, pretium at, ipsum.
Nunc semper sagittis orci.Sedscelerisque sus-
cipitdiam.Utvolutpat,doloratullamcorp-
ertristique,erospurusmollisquam,sitamet
ornareantenuncetenim.
Phasellusfringilla,metusidfeugiatcon-
sectetuer,lacuswisiultrices tellus,quis lobor-
tisnibhloremquistortor.Donecegestas
ornarenulla.Maurismitellus,portafau-
cibus,dictumvel,nonummyin,est.Ali-
quameratvolutpat.Intellusmagna,port-
titorlacinia,molestievitae,pellentesqueeu,
justo.Classaptenttacitisociosquadlitora
torquentperconubianostra,perinceptoshy-
menaeos.Sedorcinibh,scelerisquesitamet,
suscipitsed,placeratvel,diam.Vestibulum
nonummy vulputate orci.Donec et velit ac ar-
cuinterdumsemper.Morbipedeorci,cursus
ac,elementumnon,vehiculaut,lacus.Cras
volutpat.Namvelwisiquisliberovenenatis
placerat.Aeneansedodio.Quisqueposuere
purusacorci.Vivamusodio.Vivamusvar-
ius,nullasitametsemperviverra,odiomau-
risconsequatlacus,atvestibulumnequearcu
eutortor.Doneciaculistincidunttellus.Ali-
quameratvolutpat.Curabiturmagnalorem,
dignissimvolutpat,viverraet,adipiscingnec,
dolor.Praesentlacusmauris,dapibusvitae,
sollicitudinsitamet,nonummyeget,ligula.
Crasegestasipsuma nisl.Vivamusvariusdo-
lorutdolor.Fuscevelenim.Pellentesque
accumsanligulaeteros.Crasidlacusnon
tortorfacilisisfacilisis.Etiamnislelit,cur-
sussed,fringillain,conguenec,urna.Cum
sociisnatoquepenatibusetmagnisdispar-
turientmontes,nasceturridiculusmus.In-
tegeratturpis.Cumsociisnatoquepenati-
busetmagnisdisparturientmontes,nascetur
ridiculusmus.Duisfringilla,ligulasedporta
fringilla,ligulawisicommodofelis,utadipisc-
ingfelisduiinenim.Suspendissemalesuada
ultricesante.Pellentesquescelerisqueaugue
sitameturna.Nullavolutpataliquettortor.
Crasaliquam,tellusataliquetpellentesque,
justosapiencommodoleo,idrhoncussapien
quamaterat.Nullacommodo,wisiegetsol-
licitudinpretium,orciorcialiquamorci,ut
cursusturpisjustoetlacus.Nullaveltor-
tor.Quisque eratelit, viverrasit amet, sagittis
eget,portasitamet,lacus.
In hac habitasse platea dictumst.Proin at est.
Curabitur tempusvulputateelit.Pellentesque
sem.Praesent eusapien.Duiselitmagna,ali-
quet at,tempus sed, vehicula non, enim.Mor-
biviverraarcunecpurus.Vivamusfringilla,
enimetcommodomalesuada,tortormetusel-
ementumligula,necaliquetestsapienutlec-
tus.Aliquammi.Utnecelit.Fusceeuismod
luctustellus.Curabiturscelerisque.Nullam
purus.Namultriciesaccumsanmagna.Morbi
pulvinarloremsitametipsum.Donecutjus-
tovitaenibhmolliscongue.Fuscequisdiam.
Praesent tempuserosutquam.
Donecinnisl.Fuscevitaeest.Vivamusante
ante,mattislaoreet,posuereeget,conguevel,
nunc.Fuscesem.Namvelorcieuerosviver-
raluctus.Pellentesquesitametaugue.Nunc
sitametipsumetlacusvariusnonummy.In-
teger rutrum sem egetwisi.Aenean eusapien.
Quisqueornaredignissimmi.Duisaurnavel
risus pharetraimperdiet.Suspendissepotenti.
Morbijusto.Aeneannecdolor.Inhac
habitasseplateadictumst.Proinnonummy
porttitorvelit.Sedsitametleonecmetus
rhoncusvarius.Crasante.Vestibulumcom-
modosemtinciduntmassa.Namjusto.Ae-
neanluctus,felisetcondimentumlacinia,lec-
tusenimpulvinarpurus,nonportavelitnisl
sed eros.Suspendisseconsequat.Mauris adui
et tortormattispretium.Sed nulla metus,vo-
lutpatid, aliquameget, ullamcorperut, ipsum.
Morbieununc.Praesentpretium.Duisali-
quampulvinarligula.Ut blanditegestasjusto.
Quisqueposueremetusviverrapede.
Vivamussodaleselementumneque.Viva-
musdignissimaccumsanneque.Sedatenim.
Vestibulumnonummyinterdumpurus.Mau-
ris ornarevelitid nibh pretiumultricies.Fusce
temporpellentesqueodio.Vivamusauguepu-
rus,laoreetin,scelerisquevel,commodoid,
wisi.Duisenim.Nullainterdum,nunceusem-
pereleifend,enimdolorpretiumelit,utcom-
modoligulanislaest.Vivamusante.Nulla
leomassa,posuerenec,volutpatvitae,rhon-
cuseu,magna.
Quisquefacilisisauctorsapien.Pellentesque
gravidahendreritlectus.Maurisrutrumso-
dalessapien.Fuscehendreritsemvellorem.
Integerpellentesquemassavelaugue.Integer
elit tortor, feugiat quis, sagittis et, ornare non,
lacus.Vestibulumposuerepellentesqueeros.
Quisquevenenatisipsumdictumnulla.Ali-
quam quis quam nonmetus eleifend interdum.
Nam eget sapien ac mauris malesuadaadipisc-
ing.Etiameleifendnequesedquam.Nulla
facilisi.Proinaligula.Sedidduieunibh
egestastincidunt.Suspendissearcu.
Maecenasdui.Aliquamvolutpatauctorlorem.
Crasplaceratestvitaelectus.Curabitur
massalectus,rutrumeuismod,dignissimut,
dapibus a, odio.Ut eros erat, vulputate ut, in-
terdumnon,portaeu,erat.Crasfermentum,
felis inportacongue,velit leo facilisis odio,vi-
taeconsectetuerloremquamvitaeorci.Sed
ultrices,pedeeuplaceratauctor,anteligula
rutrum tellus,vel posuere nibhlacus nec nibh.
Maecenaslaoreetdoloratenim.Donecmo-
lestie dolornec metus.Vestibulum libero.Sed
quiserat.Sedtristique.Duispedeleo,fer-
mentumquis,consectetuereget,vulputatesit
amet,erat.
Donecvitaevelit.Suspendisseportafermen-
tummauris.Utvelnuncnonmaurisphare-
travarius.Duisconsequatliberoquisurna.
Maecenasatante.Vivamusvarius,wisised
egestastristique,odiowisi luctusnulla,lobor-
tisdictumdolorligulainlacus.Vivamusali-
quam, urna sed interdum porttitor,metus orci
interdum odio,sitameteuismod lectusfeliset
leo.Praesentacwisi.Namsuscipitvestibu-
lum sem.Praesent eu ipsumvitae pedecursus
venenatis.Duis sed odio.Vestibulum eleifend.
Nullautmassa.Proinrutrummattissapien.
Curabiturdictumgravidaante.
Phasellusplaceratvulputatequam.Maece-
nasattellus.Pellentesquenequediam,dig-
nissim ac, venenatisvitae, consequat ut, lacus.
Nam nibh.Vestibulum fringilla arcu mollis ar-
cu.Sedetturpis.Donecsemtellus,volut-
pat et,variuseu,commodo sed,lectus.Lorem
ipsumdolorsitamet,consectetueradipiscing
elit.Quisqueenimarcu,suscipitnec,tempus
at,imperdietvel,metus.Morbivolutpatpu-
rusaterat.Donecdignissim,semidsemper
tempus, nibh massa eleifendturpis,sed pellen-
tesquewisipurussedlibero.Nullamlobortis
tortorvelrisus.Pellentesqueconsequatnulla
eutellus.Donecvelit.Aliquamfermentum,
wisiacrhoncusiaculis,tellusnuncmalesuada
orci,quisvolutpatduimagnaidmi.Nuncvel
ante.Duisvitaelacus.Crasnecipsum.
Morbinunc.Aliquam consectetuervarius nul-
la.Phaselluseros.Crasdapibusporttitorris-
us.Maecenasultricesmiseddiam.Praesent
gravida velit at elit vehicula porttitor.Phasel-
lusnislmi,sagittis ac,pulvinar id,gravidasit
amet,erat.Vestibulumest.Loremipsumdo-
lorsitamet,consectetueradipiscingelit.Cur-
abitur idsem elementum leo rutrumhendrerit.
Utatmi.Donectinciduntfaucibusmassa.
Sed turpis quam, sollicitudin a, hendrerit eget,
pretiumut,nisl.Duishendreritligula.Nunc
pulvinarcongueurna.
Nuncvelit.Nullamelitsapien,eleifendeu,
commodo nec, semper sit amet, elit.Nulla lec-
tus risus,condimentum ut,laoreeteget,viver-
ra nec, odio.Proin lobortis.Curabitur dictum
arcuvelwisi.Crasidnullavenenatistortor
congueultrices.Pellentesqueegetpede.Sed
eleifendsagittiselit.Namsedtellussitamet
lectusullamcorper tristique.Maurisenim sem,
tristiqueeu,accumsanat,scelerisquevulpu-
tate, neque.Quisquelacus.Donec etipsum sit
amet elitnonummy aliquet.Sed viverranisl at
sem.Namdiam.Maurisutdolor.Curabitur
ornaretortorcursusvelit.
Morbitinciduntposuerearcu.Crasvenenatis
estvitaedolor.Vivamusscelerisquesemper
mi.Donecipsumarcu,consequatscelerisque,
viverraid,dictumat,metus.Loremipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.Ut
pede sem, tempus ut, porttitor bibendum, mo-
lestieeu,elit.Suspendissepotenti.Sedidlec-
tus sitamet purusfaucibus vehicula.Praesen-
tsedsemnonduipharetrainterdum.Nam
viverra ultricesmagna.
Aeneanlaoreetaliquamorci.Nuncinterdum
elementumurna.Quisqueerat.Nullamtem-
porneque.Maecenasvelitnibh,scelerisquea,
consequatut,viverrain,enim.Duismagna.
Donecodioneque,tristiqueet,tincidunteu,
rhoncusac,nunc.Mauris malesuadamalesua-
da elit.Etiam lacus mauris, pretium vel, blan-
ditin,ultriciesid,libero.Phasellusbibendum
eratutdiam.Incongueimperdietlectus.
Aeneanscelerisque.Fuscepretiumporttitor
lorem.Inhachabitasseplatea dictumst.Nulla
sitametnislatsapienegestaspretium.Nunc
nontellus.Vivamusaliquet.Namadipiscing
euismoddolor.Aliquameratvolutpat.Nul-
lautipsum.Quisquetinciduntauctorau-
gue.Nuncimperdietipsumegetelit.Ali-
quamquamleo,consectetuernon,ornaresit
amet,tristiquequis,felis.Vestibulum ante ip-
sumprimisinfaucibusorciluctusetultrices
posuerecubiliaCurae;Pellentesqueinterdum
quamsitametmi.Pellentesquemaurisdui,
dictuma,adipiscingac,fermentumsitamet,
lorem.
Utquiswisi.Praesentquismassa.Vivamus
egestasrisusegetlacus.Nunctincidunt,risus
quisbibendumfacilisis,lorempurusrutrum
neque,necportatortorurnaquisorci.Ae-
neanaliquet,liberosempervolutpatluctus,
pedeeratlaciniaaugue,quisrutrumsemip-
sumsitametpede.Vestibulumaliquet,nibh
sediaculissagittis,odiodolorblanditaugue,
egetmollisurnatellusidtellus.Aeneanali-
quetaliquamnunc.Nullaultriciesjustoeget
orci.Phasellustristiquefermentumleo.Sed
massametus,sagittisut,semperut,pharetra
vel,erat.Aliquamquamturpis,egestasvel,
elementumin,egestassitamet,lorem.Duis
convallis,wisisitametmollismolestie,libero
mauris portadui,vitae aliquamarcuturpis ac
sem.Aliquamaliquetdapibusmetus.
Vivamuscommodoeroseleifenddui.Vestibu-
luminleoeuerattristiquemattis.Crasat
elit.Craspellentesque.Nullamidlacussit
ametliberoaliquethendrerit.Proinplacerat,
minonelementumlaoreet,eroselittincidun-
tmagna,arhoncussemarcuidodio.Nul-
laegetleoaleoegestasfacilisis.Curabitur
quisvelit.Phasellusaliquam,tortornecornare
rhoncus,purusurnaposuerevelit,etcommo-
dorisustellusquistellus.Vivamusleoturpis,
tempussitamet,tristiquevitae,laoreetquis,
odio.Proinscelerisquebibendumipsum.Eti-
amnisl.Praesentveldolor.Pellentesquevel
magna.Curabitururna.Vivamuscongueur-
na in velit.Etiam ullamcorper elementum dui.
Praesentnon urna.Sed placeratquam non mi.
Pellentesquediammagna,ultricieseget, ultri-
cesplacerat,adipiscingrutrum,sem.
Morbisem.Nullafacilisi.Vestibulumante
ipsumprimisinfaucibusorciluctusetultri-
cesposuerecubiliaCurae;Nullafacilisi.Mor-
bisagittisultriceslibero.Praesenteuligula
sedsapienauctorsagittis.Classaptenttaciti
sociosquadlitoratorquentperconubianos-
tra,perinceptoshymenaeos.Donecvelnunc.
Nuncfermentum,lacusidaliquamporta,dui
tortoreuismoderos,velmolestieipsumpurus
eulacus.Vivamuspede arcu,euismod ac,tem-
pusid,pretiumet,lacus.Curabitursodales
dapibusurna.Nunceusapien.Doneceget
nuncapededictumpretium.Proinmauris.
Vivamusluctusliberovelnibh.
Fuscetristiquerisusidwisi.Integermolestie
massaidsem.Vestibulumveldolor.Pel-
lentesquevelurnavelrisusultricieselemen-
tum.Quisquesapien urna,blanditnec, iaculis
ac,viverrain,odio.Inhachabitasseplatea
dictumst.Morbinequelacus,convallisvitae,
commodoac,fermentumeu,velit.Sedinor-
ci.Infringilla turpisnonarcu.Donecinante.
Phasellustemporfeugiatvelit.Aeneanvar-
iusmassanonturpis.Vestibulumanteipsum
primisinfaucibusorciluctusetultricespo-
suerecubiliaCurae;
Aliquamtortor.Morbiipsummassa,imperdi-
etnon,consectetuervel,feugiatvel,lorem.
Quisqueeget loremnec elitmalesuadavestibu-
lum.Quisquesollicitudinipsumvel sem.Nul-
laenim.Proinnonummyfelis vitaefelis.Nul-
lampellentesque.Duisrutrumfeugiatfe-
lis.Maurisvelpedesedliberotinciduntmol-
lis.Phasellussedurnarhoncusdiameuismod
bibendum.Phasellussednisl.Integercondi-
mentumjusto id orciiaculis varius.Quisque et
lacus.Phaselluselementum, justoat dignissim
auctor,wisi odiolobortisarcu,sedsollicitudin
felisfeliseuneque.Praesentatlacus.
Vivamussitametpede.Duisinterdum,nunc
egetrutrumdignissim,nisldiamluctusleo,
ettinciduntvelitnislidtellus.Inloremtel-
lus,aliquetvitae, portain,aliquetsed,lectus.
Phasellussodales.Utvariusscelerisqueerat.
Invelnibheuerosimperdietrutrum.Donec
ac odio nec neque vulputatesuscipit.Nam nec
magna.Pellentesquehabitantmorbitristique
senectus et netus et malesuada fames acturpis
egestas.Nullamporta,odioetsagittisiaculis,
wisi neque fringilla sapien, vel commodo lorem
loremidelit.Utsemlectus,scelerisqueeget,
placeratet,tinciduntscelerisque,ligula.Pel-
lentesque nonorci.
Etiamvelipsum.Morbifacilisisvestibulum
nisl.Praesentcursuslaoreetfelis.Integer
adipiscingpretiumorci.Nullafacilisi.Quisque
posuerebibendumpurus.Nullaquammauris,
cursuseget,convallisac,molestienon,enim.
Aliquamcongue.Quisquesagittisnonummy
sapien.Proinmolestiesemvitaeurna.Mae-
cenas lorem.Vivamus viverra consequat enim.
Nuncsedpede.Praesentvitaelectus.Prae-
sentnequejusto,vehiculaeget,interdumid,
facilisiset,nibh.Phasellusatpurusetlibero
laciniadictum.Fuscealiquet.Nullaeuante
placeratleosemperdictum.Maurismetus.
Curabiturlobortis.Curabitur sollicitudinhen-
dreritnunc.Donecultriceslacusidipsum.
Donecanibhutelitvestibulumtristique.In-
tegeratpede.Crasvolutpatvariusmagna.
Phaselluseuwisi.Praesentrisusjusto,lobor-
tis eget, scelerisqueac, aliquet in,dolor.Proin
idleo.Nunciaculis,mivitaeaccumsancom-
modo, nequesemlacinianulla,quisvestibulum
justosemineros.Quisquesedmassa.Morbi
lectus ipsum, vulputate a, mollis ut,accumsan
placerat,tellus.Nullaminwisi.Vivamuseu
ligulaanuncaccumsancongue.Suspendisse
aclibero.Aliquameratvolutpat.Donecau-
gue.Nuncvenenatisfringillanibh.Fusceac-
cumsan pulvinar justo.Nullam semper,dui ut
dignissim auctor, orciliberofringilla massa, b-
landitpulvinarpedetortoridmagna.Nunc
adipiscing justo sed velit tincidunt fermentum.
Integerplacerat.Pellentesquehabitantmorbi
tristique senectuset netuset malesuadafames
acturpisegestas.Sedinmassa.Classaptent
tacitisociosquadlitoratorquentperconubi-
anostra,perinceptoshymenaeos.Phasellus
tempusaliquamrisus.Aliquamrutrumpurus
atmetus.Donecposuereodioaterat.Nam
nonnibh.Phasellusligula.Quisquevene-
natislectusinaugue.Sedvestibulumdapibus
neque.
Mauris tempus eros at nulla.Sedquis dui dig-
nissimmaurispretiumtincidunt.Maurisac
purus.Phasellusaclibero.Etiamdapibusia-
culisnunc.Inlectus wisi,elementumeu, sollic-
itudinnec,imperdietquis,dui.Nullaviverra
nequeaclibero.Maurisurnaleo,adipiscing
eu,ultricesnon,blanditeu,dui.Maecenas
duineque,suscipitsit amet,rutrum a,laoreet
in,eros.Uteunibh.Fuscenecerattempus
urnafringillatempus.Curabituridenim.Sed
ante.Crassodalesenimsitametwisi.Nunc
fermentum consequatquam.
Utauctor,augueportadignissimvestibulum,
arcudiamlobortisvelit,velscelerisqueris-
usauguesagittisrisus.Maecenaseujusto.
Pellentesquehabitant morbi tristiquesenectus
etnetusetmalesuadafamesacturpiseges-
tas.Mauriscongueligulaegettortor.Nul-
lam laoreeturnasedenim.Donec egeterosut
erosvolutpatconvallis.Praesentturpis.Inte-
germaurisdiam,elementumquis,egestasac,
rutrumvel,orci.Nullafacilisi.Quisqueadip-
iscing,nullavitaeelementumporta,semurna
volutpatleo,sedportaenimrisussedmassa.
Integeracenimquisdiamsodalesluctus.Ut
eget eros a ligula commodo ultricies.Donec eu
urnaviverradolorhendreritfeugiat.Aliquam
acorcivelerosconguepharetra.Quisque
rhoncus,justoeu volutpatfaucibus,augueleo
posuerelacus,arhoncuspuruspedevelest.
Proinultricesenim.
Aenean tincidunt laoreet dui.Vestibulumante
ipsumprimisinfaucibusorciluctusetultri-
cesposuerecubiliaCurae;Integeripsumlec-
tus,fermentumac,malesuadain,eleifendut,
lorem.Vivamusipsumturpis,elementumvel,
hendrerit ut,semperat, metus.Vivamus sapi-
entortor,eleifendid,dapibusin,egestaset,
pede.Pellentesquefaucibus.Praesentlorem
neque, dignissim in,facilisis nec, hendrerit vel,
odio.Namatdiamacnequealiquetviver-
ra.Morbidapibusligulasagittismagna.In
lobortis.Donecaliquetultricieslibero.Nunc
dictumvulputatepurus.Morbivarius.Lorem
ipsumdolorsitamet,consectetueradipiscing
elit.Intempor.Phaselluscommodoporttitor
magna.Curabiturvehiculaodioveldolor.
Praesentfacilisis,augueaadipiscingvene-
natis,liberorisusmolestieodio,pulvinarcon-
sectetuerfeliseratacmauris.Namvestibu-
lumrhoncusquam.Sedveliturna,pharetra
eu,eleifendeu,viverraat,wisi.Maecenasul-
tricesnibhatturpis.Aeneanquam.Nulla
ipsum.Aliquamposuereluctuserat.Cur-
abiturmagnafelis,laciniaet,tristiqueid,ul-
tricesut,mauris.Suspendissefeugiat.Cras
eleifendwisivitaetortor.Phasellusleopurus,
mattissitamet,auctorin,rutrumin,magna.
Inhachabitasseplateadictumst.Phasellus
imperdietmetusinsem.Vestibulumacenim
nonsemultriciessagittis.Sedveldiam.
Integervelenimsedturpisadipiscingbiben-
dum.Vestibulumpededolor,laoreetnec,po-
suerein,nonummyin,sem.Donecimperdiet
sapienplaceraterat.Donecviverra.Aliquam
eros.Nunc consequat massaid leo.Sed ullam-
corper,loreminsodalesdapibus,risusmetus
sagittislorem,nonporttitorpurus odioneco-
dio.Sedtinciduntposuereelit.Quisqueeu
enim.Donecliberorisus,feugiatac,dapibus
eget, posuere a,felis.Quisque vellectusutme-
tustincidunteleifend.Duis utpede.Duis velit
erat,venenatis vitae,vulputate a,pharetrasit
amet,est.Etiamfringillafaucibusaugue.
Aeneanvelitsem,viverraeu,tempusid,
rutrumid,mi.Nullamnecnibh.Proinullam-
corper,dolorincursustristique,erosaugue
tempornibh,atgravidadiamwisiatpurus.
Donec mattis ullamcorper tellus.Phasellus vel
nulla.Praesentinterdum,erosinsodalessol-
licitudin,nunc nulla pulvinarjusto,aeuismod
erossemnecnibh.Nullamsagittisdapibus
lectus.Nullamegetipsumeutortorlobortis
sodales.Etiampurusleo,pretiumnec,feu-
giatnon,ullamcorpervel,nibh.Sedvelelit
etquamaccumsanfacilisis.Nuncleo.Sus-
pendissefaucibuslacus.
Pellentesqueinterdumsapiensednulla.Proin
tincidunt.Aliquamvolutpatestvelmassa.
Seddolorlacus,imperdietnon,ornarenon,
commodoeu,neque.Integerpretiumsem-
perjusto.Proinrisus.Nullamidquam.
Namneque.Duisvitaewisiullamcorperdi-
amcongueultricies.Quisqueligula.Mauris
vehicula.
Curabiturnuncmagna,posuereeget,vene-
natiseu,vehiculaac,velit.Aeneanornare,
massaaaccumsanpulvinar,quamlorem
laoreetpurus,eusodalesmagnarisusmolestie
lorem.Nunceratvelit,hendreritquis,male-
suadaut,aliquamvitae,wisi.Sedposuere.
Suspendisseipsumarcu,scelerisquenec,ali-
quameu,molestietincidunt,justo.Phasellus
iaculis.Sedposuereloremnonipsum.Pel-
lentesquedapibus.Suspendissequamlibero,
laoreeta,tincidunteget,consequatat,est.
Nullamutlectusnonenimconsequatfacili-
sis.Maurisleo.Quisquepedeligula,auctor
vel,pellentesquevel,posuereid,turpis.Cras
ipsumsem,cursuset,facilisisut,tempuseu-
ismod,quam.Suspendissetristiquedoloreu
orci.Maurismattis.Aeneansemper.Viva-
mustortormagna,facilisisid,variusmattis,
hendreritin,justo.Integerpurus.
Vivamusadipiscing.Curabitur imperdiet tem-
pusturpis.Vivamussapiendolor,congueve-
nenatis,euismodeget,portarhoncus,magna.
Proincondimentumpretiumenim.Fusce
fringilla,liberoetvenenatisfacilisis,erosen-
imcursusarcu,vitaefacilisis odioauguevitae
orci.Aliquamvariusnibhutodio.Sedcondi-
mentumcondimentumnunc.Pellentesque
egetmassa.Pellentesquequismauris.Donec
utligulaacpedepulvinarlobortis.Pellen-
tesqueeuismod.Classaptenttacitisociosqu
adlitoratorquentperconubianostra,perin-
ceptoshymenaeos.Praesentelit.Utlaoreet
ornareest.Phasellusgravidavulputatenulla.
Donecsitametarcuutsemtempormalesua-
da.Praesenthendreritaugueinurna.Proin
enimante,ornarevel,consequatut,blandit
in,justo.Donecfeliselit,dignissimsed,sagit-
tisut,ullamcorpera,nulla.Aeneanpharetra
vulputateodio.
Quisqueenim.Proinvelitneque,tristiqueeu,
eleifendeget,vestibulumnec,lacus.Vivamus
odio.Duisodiourna,vehiculain,elementum
aliquam,aliquetlaoreet,tellus.Sedvelit.Sed
velmiacelitaliquetinterdum.Etiamsapi-
enneque,convalliset,aliquetvel,auctornon,
arcu.Aliquamsuscipitaliquamlectus.Proin
tinciduntmagnasedwisi.Integerblanditla-
cusutlorem.Sedluctusjustosedenim.
Morbimalesuadahendreritdui.Nuncmauris
leo, dapibus sitamet, vestibulum et, commodo
id,est.Pellentesquepurus.Pellentesquetris-
tique,nuncacpulvinaradipiscing,justoeros
consequatlectus, sitamet posuerelectusneque
velaugue.Cras consectetuerlibero aceros.Ut
egetmassa.Fuscesitametenimeleifendsem
dictum auctor.In eget risusluctuswisi conva-
llis pulvinar.Vivamus sapien risus,temporin,
viverra in, aliquetpellentesque, eros.Aliquam
euismodliberoasem.
Nunc velit augue,scelerisquedignissim,lobor-
tiset,aliquamin,risus.Ineueros.Vestibu-
lumanteipsumprimisinfaucibusorciluctus
etultricesposuerecubiliaCurae;Curabitur
vulputateelitviverraaugue.Maurisfringilla,
tortorsitametmalesuadamollis,sapienmi
dapibusodio,acimperdietligulaenimeget
nisl.Quisquevitaepedeapedealiquetsus-
cipit.Phasellustelluspede,viverravestibu-
lum,gravidaid,laoreetin,justo.Cumsoci-
isnatoquepenatibusetmagnisdisparturient
montes,nasceturridiculusmus.Integercom-
modoluctuslectus.Maurisjusto.Duisvar-
iuseros.Sedquam.Craslacuseros,rutrum
eget,variusquis,convallisiaculis,velit.Mau-
ris imperdiet, metus at tristique venenatis, pu-
rusnequepellentesquemauris,aultriceselit
lacusnectortor.Classaptenttacitisociosqu
adlitoratorquentperconubianostra,perin-
ceptoshymenaeos.Praesentmalesuada.Nam
lacuslectus,auctorsitamet,malesuadavel,
elementumeget,metus.Duisnequepede,fa-
cilisiseget,egestaselementum,nonummyid,
neque.
Proinnonsem.Donecnecerat.Proinlibero.
Aliquamviverraarcu.Donecvitaepurus.
Donecfelismi,semperid,scelerisqueporta,
sollicitudinsed,turpis.Nullainurna.Integer
variuswisinonelit.Etiamnecsem.Mau-
risconsequat,risusnecconguecondimentum,
ligulaligulasuscipiturna,vitaeportaodioer-
at quissapien.Proin luctusleoid erat.Etiam
massametus,accumsanpellentesque,sagittis
sitamet,venenatisnec,mauris.Praesentur-
na eros, ornarenec, vulputate eget, cursussed,
justo.Phasellus nec lorem.Nullam ligula ligu-
la,mollissitamet,faucibusvel,eleifendac,
dui.Aliquameratvolutpat.
Fuscevehicula,tortor etgravidaporttitor, me-
tusnibhcongue lorem,uttempuspurusmau-
risapede.Integertinciduntorcisitamet
turpis.Aeneanametus.Aliquamvestibulum
lobortisfelis.Donecgravida.Sedsedurna.
Maurisetorci.Integerultricesfeugiatligu-
la.Seddignissimnibhamassa.Donecorci
dui,temporsed,tinciduntnonummy,viverra
sit amet, turpis.Quisque lobortis.Proin vene-
natistortornecwisi.Vestibulumplacerat.In
hachabitasseplateadictumst.Aliquampor-
tamiquisrisus.Donecsagittisluctusdiam.
Nam ipsumelit,imperdietvitae,faucibus nec,
fringillaeget,leo.Etiamquisdolorinsapien
porttitorimperdiet.
Craspretium.Nullamalesuadaipsumut
libero.Suspendissegravidahendrerittellus.
Maecenas quislacus.Morbifringilla.Vestibu-
lumodioturpis,temporvitae,scelerisquea,
dictumnon,massa.Praesenteratfelis,por-
tasitamet,condimentumsitamet,placer-
atet,turpis.Praesentplaceratlacusaen-
im.Vestibulumnoneros.Utcongue.Donec
tristiquevariustortor.Pellentesquehabitant
morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada
famesacturpisegestas.Namdictumdictum
urna.
Phasellusvestibulumorcivelmauris.Fusce
quamleo,adipiscingac,pulvinareget,mo-
lestiesitamet,erat.Seddiam.Suspendisse
erosleo,tempuseget,dapibussitamet,tem-
puseu,arcu.Vestibulumwisimetus,dapibus
vel,luctussitamet,condimentumquis,leo.
Suspendissemolestie.Duisinante.Utso-
dales sem sit amet mauris.Suspendisseornare
pretiumorci.Fuscetristiqueenimegetmi.
Vestibulumeroselit,gravida ac,pharetrased,
lobortisin,massa.Proinatdolor.Duisac-
cumsanaccumsanpede.Nullamblanditelit
inmagnalaciniahendrerit.Utnonummyluc-
tuseros.Fusceegettortor.
Utsitametmagna.Crasaligulaeuurna
dignissimviverra.Nullamtemporleoporta
ipsum.Praesentpurus.Nullamconsequat.
Maurisdictumsagittisdui.Vestibulumsol-
licitudinconsectetuerwisi.Insitametdiam.
Nullammalesuadapharetrarisus.Proinlacus
arcu, eleifendsed, vehiculaat, conguesit amet,
sem.Sedsagittispedeanisl.Sedtincidunt o-
dioapede.Seddui.Nameuenim.Aliquam
sagittislacusegetlibero.Pellentesquediam
sem,sagittismolestie,tristiqueet,fermentum
ornare,nibh.Nullaettellusnon felisimperdi-
etmattis.Aliquameratvolutpat.
Vestibulumsodalesipsumidaugue.Integer
ipsumpede,convallissitamet,tristiquevi-
tae,temporut,nunc.Namnonligulanon
lorem convallis hendrerit.Maecenas hendrerit.
Sedmagnaodio,aliquamimperdiet,portaac,
aliqueteget,mi.Cumsociisnatoquepenati-
busetmagnisdisparturientmontes,nascetur
ridiculusmus.Vestibulumnislsem,dignissim
vel,euismodquis,egestasut,orci.Nuncvi-
taerisusvelmetuseuismodlaoreet.Crassit
ametnequeaturpislobortisauctor.Sedali-
quamsemacelit.Crasvelitlectus,facilisis
id,dictumsed,portarutrum,nisl.Namhen-
dreritipsumsedaugue.Nullamscelerisque
hendreritwisi.Vivamusegestasarcusedpu-
rus.Utornarelectussederos.Suspendisse
potenti.Maurissollicitudinpedevelvelit.In
hachabitasseplateadictumst.
Suspendisseeratmauris,nonummyeget,
pretiumeget,consequatvel,justo.Pellen-
tesqueconsectetuereratsedlacus.Nullam
egestasnullaacdui.Doneccursusrhoncus
ipsum.Nuncetsemeumagnaegestasmale-
suada.Vivamusdictummassaatdolor.Mor-
biestnulla,faucibusac,posuerein,interdum
ut,sapien.Proinconsectetuerpretiumurna.
Donecsitametnibhnecpurusdignissimmat-
tis.Phasellusvehiculaelitatlacus.Nullafa-
cilisi.Crasutarcu.Sedconsectetuer.Integer
tristiqueelitquisfelisconsectetuereleifend.
Crasetlectus.
Utcongue malesuadajusto.Curabiturcongue,
felisathendreritfaucibus,maurislacusport-
titor pede, nec aliquamturpis diam feugiat ar-
cu.Nullamrhoncusipsumatrisus.Vestibu-
lumadolorseddolorfermentumvulputate.
Sednecipsumdapibusurnabibendumlobor-
tis.Vestibulumelit.Nam ligulaarcu, volutpat
eget,laciniaeu,lobortisac,urna.Nammol-
lisultricesnulla.Crasvulputate.Suspendisse
atrisusatmetuspulvinarmalesuada.Nullam
lacus.Aliquamtempusmagna.Aliquamut
purus.Prointellus.
Vestibulumanteipsumprimisinfaucibusorci
luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Donec
scelerisquemetus.Maecenasnonmiutmetus
portahendrerit.Nuncsemper.Crasquiswisi
utloremposueretristique.Nuncvestibulum
scelerisquenulla.Suspendissepharetrasollic-
itudinante.Praesentatauguesitametante
interdum porta.Nunc bibendumaugueluctus
diam.Etiam nec sem.Sed eros turpis,facilisis
nec,vehiculavitae,aliquamsed,nulla.Cur-
abiturjustoleo,vestibulumeget,tristiqueut,
tempusat,nisl.
Nullavenenatisloremidarcu.Morbicur-
susurnaaipsum.Donecporttitor.Integer
eleifend,estnonmattismalesuada,minulla
convallismi,etauctorlectussapienutpu-
rus.Aliquamnullaaugue,pharetrasitamet,
faucibussemper,molestievel,nibh.Pellen-
tesquevestibulummagnaetmi.Sedfringilla
dolorveltellus.Nuncliberonunc,venenatis
eget,convallishendrerit,iaculiselementum,
mi.Nullamaliquam,felisetaccumsanvehic-
ula,magnajustovehiculadiam,eucondimen-
tumnislfelisetnunc.Quisquevolutpatmauris
avelit.Pellentesquemassa.Integeratlorem.
Nammetuserat,laciniaid,convallisut,pul-
vinarnon,wisi.Crasiaculismaurisutneque.
Crassodales,semvitaeimperdietconsequat,
pede purussollicitudin urna,ac aliquammetus
orciinleo.Utmolestieultricesmauris.Viva-
musvitaesem.Aliquameratvolutpat.Prae-
sentcommodo,nislacdapibusaliquet,tortor
orci sodales lorem, non ornare nulla lorem quis
nisl.
Sedatsemvitaepurusultricesvestibulum.
Vestibulumtinciduntlacusetligula.Pel-
lentesquevitaeelit.Vestibulumanteipsum
primisinfaucibusorciluctusetultricespo-
suerecubiliaCurae;Duisornare,erateget
laoreetvulputate,lacusipsumsuscipitturpis,
etbibendumnislorcinonlectus.Vestibu-
lumnecrisusnecliberofermentumfringilla.
Morbinonvelitinmagnagravidahendrerit.
Pellentesquequislectus.Vestibulumeleifend
lobortisleo.Vestibulumnonaugue.Vivamus
dictumtempordui.Maecenasatligulaidfe-
liscongueporttitor.Nullaleomagna,egestas
quis,vulputatesitamet,viverraid,velit.
Utlectuslectus,ultriciessitamet,semper
eget,laoreetnon,ante.Proinatmassaquis
nuncrhoncusmattis.Aliquamlorem.Cur-
abiturpharetraduiatneque.Aliquameutel-
lus.Aeneantempus,felisvitaevulputateia-
culis,estdolorfaucibusurna,inviverrawisi
nequenonrisus.Fusceveldolornecsapien
pretiumnonummy.Integerfaucibusmassaac
nulla ornarevenenatis.Nullaquissapien.Sed
tortor.Phasellusegetmi.Crasnunc.Crasa
enim.
Quisque nisl.In dignissim dapibus massa.Ae-
neansemmagna,scelerisquenec,ullamcorper
quis,porttitorut,lectus.Fuscedignissimfa-
cilisistortor.Vivamusgravidafelissitamet
nunc.Nampulvinarodiovelenim.Pellen-
tesquesitametest.Vivamuspulvinarleonon
sapien.Aliquameratvolutpat.Utelementum
auctormetus.Maurisvestibulumnequevitae
eros.Pellentesquealiquamquam.Donecve-
nenatistristiquepurus.Innisl.Nullavelit
libero,fermentumat,portaa,feugiatvitae,
urna.Etiamaliquetornareipsum.Proinnon
dolor.Aeneannuncligula,venenatissuscipit,
porttitorsit amet,mattis suscipit,magna.Vi-
vamusegestasviverraest.Morbiatrisussed
sapiensodalespretium.
Morbicongueconguemetus.Aeneansedpu-
rus.Nampedemagna,tristiquenec,porta
id,sollicitudinquis,sapien.Vestibulumblan-
dit.Suspendisse ut augue acnibh ullamcorper
posuere.Integereuismod,nequeateleifend
fringilla,augueelitornaredolor,veltincidunt
purusest idlacus.Vivamusloremdui, commo-
doquis,scelerisqueeu,tinciduntnon,magna.
Cras sodales.Quisquevestibulum pulvinar di-
am.Phasellustincidunt,leovitaetristiquefa-
cilisis,ipsumwisi interdum sem,dapibussem-
pernulla velit vellectus.Crasdapibusmauris
etaugue.Quisquecursusnullainlibero.Sus-
pendisseetloremsitametmaurismalesuada
mollis.Nullamidjusto.Maecenasvenenatis.
Doneclacusarcu,egestasac,fermentumcon-
sectetuer,tempuseu,metus.Proinsodales,
seminpretiumfermentum,arcusapiencom-
modomauris,venenatisconsequataugueur-
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eget,sagittisa,laciniain,pede.Maecenas
inelit.Proinmolestievariusnibh.Vivamus
tristiquepurussedaugue.Proinegestassem-
pertortor.Vestibulumanteipsumprimisin
faucibusorciluctusetultricesposuerecubil-
iaCurae;Classaptenttacitisociosquadl-
itoratorquentperconubianostra,perincep-
toshymenaeos.Vestibulumorcienim,sagittis
ornare,eleifendut,mattisat,ligula.Nulla
molestieconvallisarcu.Uterostellus,condi-
mentum at,sodalesin,ultricesvel,nulla.
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eget,suscipitsed,neque.Vestibuluminmi
sedmassacursuscursus.Pellentesquepulv-
inarmollisneque.Fusceut enimvitaemauris
malesuadatincidunt.Vivamusaneque.Mau-
rispulvinar,sapienidcondimentumdictum,
quamarcurhoncusdui,idtemporlacusjusto
etjusto.Proinsitametorcieudiameleifend
blandit.Nunceratmassa,luctusac,fermen-
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vestibulumdolor.Pellentesquealiquam,diam
eget eleifendposuere,augueeros porttitorlec-
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urna.Phasellusquisturpisquismaurissus-
cipitvulputate.Sedinterdumlacusnonvelit.
Vestibulumanteipsumprimisinfaucibusorci
luctusetultricesposuerecubiliaCurae;
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gue.Morbimauriswisi,aliquetvitae,dignis-
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tumenimsitametrisus.Curabitur vitaevelit
eudiamrhoncushendrerit.Vivamusutelit.
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dummagna.Quisqueauctoraliquamdolor.
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Fusce eunulla ut nulla interdum consectetuer.
Vestibulumgravida.Morbimattisliberosed
est.
Abstract
Inthispaper,weconsiderafullydiscretefiniteelementapproxi-
mationfortimefractional optimalcontrolproblems.Thestateand
adjointstateareapproximatedbytriangularlinearfiniteelements
inspaceandL1schemeintime.Thecontrolisobtainedbythe
variationaldiscretization technique.The mainpurposeof thiswork
istoderivetheconvergenceandsuperconvergence.Anumerical
exampleispresentedtovalidateourtheoreticalresults.
Keywords
TimeFractionalOptimalControlProblems,FiniteElement,
ConvergenceandSuperconvergence
1.Introduction
Therehasbeenagreatdealofresearchonfiniteelementmethods
(FEMs)forpartialdifferentialequations(PDEs)oroptimalcontrol
problems(OCPs)governedbyPDEs,mostlyfocusedonthecaseof
integer order such as elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic equations.Sys-
tematicintroductionscanbefoundin[1–3],andsoon.
Inthepasttwodecades,numericalmethodsoffractionalpartial
differentialequations(FPDEs)haveattractedmuchattention,since
different FPDEsarise invarious physical phenomena orprocesses with
memoryandhereditary.Manyauthorshaveinvestigatedfinitediffer-
encemethods[4,5],spectralmethods[6–8],mixedFEMs[9,10]and
FEMs[11–13]tosolveFPDEs.However,therearerelativelyfewre-
searchesonnumericalmethodsforOCPsgovernedbyfractionalPDEs.
TherearesomepublishedpapersonFEMsforfractionalOCPs.A
finiteelementapproximationalgorithmofoptimalcontrolproblems
governed by time fractional diffusion equation is presented in [14], but
theauthorsdo notprovide erroranalysisresults.In[15],afastgradi-
ent projection method is investigated for a constrained fractional opti-
mal control.Finite element approximation of spacefractional optimal
DOI:10.4236/ajcm.2021.111005Mar.25,202153AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics
Y.L.Tang
controlproblemisconsideredin[16].In[17],apriorierrorestimates
oftime-steppingdiscontinuousGalerkinfiniteelementapproximation
fortimefractionaloptimalcontrolproblemisestablished.Afully
discretefiniteelementapproximation ofoptimalcontrol problemgov-
ernedby atime-fractionalPDEisinvestigatedin [18],wherethetime
fractionalderivativeoperatesonthediffusionterm.However,toour
bestofknowledge,superconvergenceoffiniteelementapproximation
fortimefractionalOCPsisrare.Themainpurposeofthisworkis
to derive theconvergence andsuperconvergenceoffully discreteFEM
fortimefractionalOCPs.
LetJ= [0,T]andΩ R
2
beaboundedconvexpolygonaldomain
withsmoothboundaryΩ.Weconsiderthefollowingtimefractional
OCPs:
min
uU
ad
1
2
Z
T
0
ky(t,x)y
d
(t,x)k
2
L
2
(Ω)
+λku(t,x)k
2
L
2
(Ω)
dt,
0
α
t
y(t,x)y(t,x) = f(t,x)+u(t,x),tJ,x,
y(t,x) = 0,tJ,x,
y(0,x) = 0,x.
(1)
Here
0
α
t
(0<α<1)denotestheα-orderleftCaputoderivative
withrespecttothetimevariabletanddefinedby
0
α
t
y(t,x) =
1
Γ(1α)
Z
t
0
1
(ts)
α
∂y(s,x)
∂s
ds.(2)
y
d
(t,x),f(t,x) C(J;L
2
(Ω))aregivenfunctions andtheadmissible
setU
ad
isdefinedby
U
ad
= {v(t,x) L
2
(J;L
2
(Ω)) : v(t,x) 0,a.e.inΩ×J}.(3)
Throughoutthepaper,L
s
(J;W
m,q
(Ω))denotesallL
s
integrable
functionsfromJintoW
m,q
(Ω)withnormkvk
L
s
(J;W
m,q
(Ω))
=
R
T
0
kvk
s
W
m,q
(Ω)
dt
1
s
fors[1,)andthestandardmodificationfor
s= ,where W
m,q
(Ω) isSobolev spaceson Ω.Similarly,one cande-
fineH
l
(J;W
m,q
(Ω))andC
k
(J;W
m,q
(Ω))(seee.g.[19]).Inaddition,
corCisagenericpositiveconstant.
Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.InSection2,we
introduceafullydiscreteapproximationschemeof(1).InSection3,
weprovideaconvergenceresultofthecontrolvariable.InSection4,
wederivethesuperconvergenceresultofthestateandadjointstate
variables.Somenumericalexamplesareprovidedinthelastsection
toverifyourtheoreticalresults.
2.FiniteElementApproximationofTime
FractionalOPCs
Forthe stateand co-state,weintroduce triangularlinear finiteelement
forthe spatialdiscretization andL1schemefor thetimediscretization.
Thecontrolisobtainedbyvariationaldiscretization(VD)technique
[20].
For brevity,wedenoteW
m,2
(Ω)by H
m
(Ω)anddropΩorJwhen-
DOI:10.4236/ajcm.2021.11100554AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics
Y.L.Tang
everpossible,i.e.,
k·k
m,2,
= k·k
m,2
= k·k
m
,k·k
0
= k·k,
k·k
L
p
(J;W
m,2
(Ω))
= k·k
L
p
(H
m
)
,k·k
L
p
(J;W
m,q
(Ω))
= k·k
L
p
(W
m,q
)
,
K=
v(x) L
2
(Ω) : v(x) 0,a.e.inΩ
.
Furthermore,wesetH
1
0
(Ω)
vH
1
(Ω) : v|
= 0
,W=
H
1
0
(Ω),U= L
2
(Ω).Inaddition,
a(v,w) =
Z
v·∇w,v,wW,
(f
1
,f
2
) =
Z
f
1
·f
2
,f
1
,f
2
U.
Byusingthevariationalprinciple[2],werecast(1)asthefollowing
weakformulation:
min
uU
ad
1
2
Z
T
0
kyy
d
k
2
+λkuk
2
dt,
(
0
α
t
y,w)+a(y,w) = (f,w)+(u,w),tJ,wW,
y(0,x) = 0,x.
(4)
Itfollowsfrom(seee.g.,[21])that(4)hasauniquesolution(y,u),
and thata pair(y,u) is asolution of (4),then there isa co-statepsuch
thatthetriplet(y,p,u)fulfillsthefollowingoptimalityconditions:
(
0
α
t
y,w)+a(y,w) =(f,w)+(u,w),wW,tJ,(5)
y(0,x) =0,x,(6)
(
t
α
T
p,q)+a(q,p) =(yy
d
,q),qW,tJ,(7)
p(x,T) =0,x,(8)
(λu+p,vu) 0,vK,tJ.(9)
Here
t
α
T
denotestheα-orderrightCaputoderivativewithrespect
totanddefinedby
t
α
T
p(t,x) =
1
Γ(1α)
Z
T
t
1
(ts)
α
∂p(s,x)
∂s
ds.
Likein[22],itiseasy toprovethattheinequality (9)isequivalent
to
u= max(0,
p
λ
).(10)
LetT
h
beafamilyofquasi-uniformtriangulationsofΩ,suchthat
¯
Ω =
S
e∈T
h
¯eand h=max
τ∈T
h
{h
e
}, where h
e
is the diameterof the element
e.Furthermore,weset
W
h
=
v
h
C(
¯
Ω) : v
h
|
e
P
1
,e∈T
h
,v
h
|
= 0
,
whereP
1
isthespaceofpolynomialswhosedegreeatmost1.
Let P
h
be the elliptic projection,defined as follows.For any vW,
a(vP
h
v,w
h
) = 0,w
h
W
h
.
Ithasthefollowingerrorestimates(see,[12]):
kvP
h
vk+hk∇(vP
h
v)k≤Ch
2
kvk
2
.(11)
DOI:10.4236/ajcm.2021.11100555AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics
Y.L.Tang
Inthenext,wewillconsiderL1schemeforthetimediscretization.
Let0 = t
0
<t
1
<···<t
N
= Tbe agivenuniform partitionof [0,T]
withsizeτ=
T
N
andt
n
=nτ,n=0,1,···,N.Wesetϕ
n
=ϕ(t
n
,x)
anddefinethetime-dependentmaximumnorm
kvk
l
(W
m,q
)
=max
0nN
{kv
n
k
W
m,q
}.
Then α-order left Caputo derivative can be approximated as follows
0
α
t
y
n
=
1
τ
α
Γ(2α)
n
X
k=0
b
n
k
y
k
+r
n
y,τ
:= F
α
t
y
n
+r
n
y,τ
,(12)
whereb
k
= (k+1)
1α
k
1α
,b
n
0
= (n1)
1α
n
1α
,b
n
k
= b
nk
b
nk1
,b
n
n
= 1andr
n
y,τ
isthetruncationerror.Itfollowsfrom[5],if
yW
2,
(L
2
),wehave
r
n
y,τ
= |
0
α
t
y
n
F
α
t
y
n
|≤
2α
.(13)
Similarly, theα-orderrightCaputo derivative canbeapproximated
asfollows
t
α
T
p
n
=
1
τ
α
Γ(2α)
N
X
k=n
˜
b
n
k
p
k
+ ˜r
n
p,τ
:= B
α
t
p
n
+ ˜r
n
p,τ
,(14)
where
˜
b
n
n
= 1,
˜
b
n
N
= b
Nn1
,
˜
b
n
k
= b
kn
b
kn1
,b
k
= (k+1)
1α
k
1α
.IfpW
2,
(L
2
),then
˜r
n
p,τ
= |
t
α
T
p
n
B
α
t
p
n
|≤
2α
.(15)
Thenafullydiscretefiniteelementapproximationschemeofopti-
malityconditions(5)-(9)writesas
(F
α
t
y
n
h
,w
h
)+a(y
n
h
,w
h
) =(f
n
,w
h
)+(u
n
h
,w
h
),w
h
W
h
,(16)
n=1,2,···,N,y
0
h
= 0,(17)
(B
α
t
p
n
h
,q
h
)+a
q
h
,p
n1
h
=(y
n
h
y
n
d
,q
h
),q
h
W
h
,(18)
n=N1,···,1,0,p
N
h
= 0,(19)
λu
n
h
+p
n1
h
,vu
n
h
0,vK,n= 1,2,···,N.(20)
Asinreference[20],theinequality(20)isequivalentto
u
n
h
= max(0,
1
λ
p
n1
h
),n= 1,2,···,N.(21)
3.ConvergenceAnalysis
Inthissection,wederivetheconvergenceofthecontrolfortheap-
proximationscheme(16)-(20).Foreaseofexposition,wesetα
τ
=
τ
α
Γ(2 α).Weintroducesomeusefulintermediatevariables.Let
y
n
h
(u),p
n1
h
(u)
W
h
×W
h
,n=1,2,···,Nfulfillthefollowinge-
quations:
(F
α
t
y
n
h
(u),w
h
)+a(y
n
h
(u),w
h
) =(f
n
,w
h
)+(u
n
,w
h
),w
h
W
h
,
(22)
n=1,2,···,N,y
0
h
(u) = 0,(23)
(B
α
t
p
n
h
(u),q
h
)+a
q
h
,p
n1
h
(u)
=(y
n
h
(u)y
n
d
,q
h
),q
h
W
h
,
(24)
n=N1,···,1,0,p
N
h
(u) = 0.(25)
Thefollowingconclusionswillbeusedinthefollowingconvergence
analysis.
DOI:10.4236/ajcm.2021.11100556AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics
Y.L.Tang
Lemma1.[10]Let{ξ
n
}
N
n=0
beasequenceoffunctionsonΩ.Then
ξ
n
,
n
X
k=0
b
n
k
ξ
k
!
=
1
2
kξ
n
k
2
+
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
kξ
k
k
2
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
kξ
k
ξ
n
k
2
!
.
Lemma2.[23]Letε
k
0,satisfyε
n
P
n1
k=1
(b
k1
b
k
)ε
nk
+γ
withγ>0,k= 1,2,···,L.Then
ε
n
α
γ,n= 1,2,···,L.
Lemma3.Let (y,p,u)and (y
h
,p
h
,u
h
) be thesolutions of(5)-(9) and
(16)-(20),respectively.Supposethaty,pW
2,
(L
2
) W
1,
(H
2
).
Then
ky
n
y
n
h
(u)k+kp
n
p
n
h
(u)k≤C(h
2
+τ
2α
),(26)
ky
n
y
n
h
(u)k
1
+kp
n
p
n
h
(u)k
1
C(h+τ
2α
).(27)
Proof.Sety
n
y
n
h
(u) = y
n
P
h
y
n
+P
h
y
n
y
n
h
(u) := η
n
+ζ
n
.Choosing
v= w
h
in(5) andsubtracting(22)from(5),we obtainerrorequation
(F
α
t
(y
n
y
n
h
(u)),w
h
)+a(y
n
y
n
h
(u),w
h
)+(r
n
y,τ
,w
h
) = 0.(28)
BythedefinitionofP
h
and(28),wehave
(F
α
t
ζ
n
,w
h
)+a(ζ
n
,w
h
) = (F
α
t
η
n
,w
h
)(r
n
y,τ
,w
h
).(29)
Letw
h
=F
α
t
ζ
n
anduseLemma1,weget
a(ζ
n
,F
α
t
ζ
n
)
=
1
2α
τ
k∇ζ
n
k
2
+
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
k∇ζ
k
k
2
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
k∇
ζ
k
ζ
n
k
2
!
.
(30)
FromyW
1,
(H
2
)and(11),thereholds
kF
α
t
η
n
k=
1
τ
α1
Γ(2α)
n1
X
k=0
b
k
t
η
nk
1
τ
α1
Γ(2α)
n1
X
k=0
b
k
k
t
η
nk
k
1
α
τ
n1
X
k=0
b
k
Z
t
nk
t
nk1
kη
t
kdt
Ch
2
ky
t
k
L
(H
2
)
.
(31)
Then,byapplyingH¨older’sinequalitykf·gk
L
1
(Ω)
≤kfk
L
2
(Ω)
kgk
L
2
(Ω)
,
Young’sinequalityand(31),wearriveat
(F
α
t
η
n
,F
α
t
ζ
n
) ≤kF
α
t
η
n
kkF
α
t
ζ
n
k≤
1
2
kF
α
t
ζ
n
k
2
+
C
2
h
4
.(32)
Likewise
r
n
y,τ
,F
α
t
ζ
n
≤kr
n
y,τ
kkF
α
t
ζ
n
k≤
1
2
kF
α
t
ζ
n
k
2
+
C
2
τ
42α
.(33)
Combining(29)-(33)andnoticethatb
n
k
<0(0 k<n),weobtain
k∇ζ
n
k
2
≤−
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
k∇ζ
k
k
2
+
α
(h
2
+τ
2α
)
2
.(34)
DOI:10.4236/ajcm.2021.11100557AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics
Y.L.Tang
Itfollowsfrom(34),Lemma2andPoincar´e’sinequalitythat
kζ
n
k
1
Ck∇ζ
n
k≤C(h
2
+τ
2α
).(35)
Inthesameway,wecanderive
kP
h
p
n
p
n
h
(u)k
1
Ck∇(P
h
p
n
p
n
h
(u))k≤C(h
2
+τ
2α
).(36)
Hence,(26)and(27)followfromembeddingtheorem,trianglein-
equality,(11)and(35)-(36).
Theorem4.Let(y,p,u)and(y
h
,p
h
,u
h
)bethesolutionsof(5)-(9)
and (16)-(20),respectively.Assume allthe conditions in Lemma3 are
true.Then
ku
n
u
n
h
k≤C
h
2
+τ
.(37)
Proof.Setv= u
n
h
andv= u
n
in(9)and(20)respectively,wehave
λku
n
u
n
h
k
2
= λ(u
n
u
n
h
,u
n
u
n
h
)
p
n1
h
p
n1
h
(u),u
n
u
n
h
+
p
n1
h
(u)p
n1
,u
n
u
n
h
+
p
n1
p
n
,u
n
u
n
h
:= I
1
+I
2
+I
3
.
(38)
ForthefirsttermI
1
,itfollowsfrom(16)-(19)and(22)-(25)that
I
1
=
p
n1
h
p
n1
h
(u),u
n
u
n
h
=
F
α
t
(y
n
h
y
n
h
(u)),p
n1
h
(u)p
n1
h
(B
α
t
(p
n
h
(u)p
n
h
),y
n
h
y
n
h
(u))
(y
n
h
y
n
h
(u),y
n
h
y
n
h
(u))
≤−ky
n
h
y
n
h
(u)k
2
.
(39)
AccordingtoH¨older’sinequalityandYoung’sinequality,weget
I
2
=
p
n1
h
(u)p
n1
,u
n
u
n
h
1
2
kp
n1
h
(u)p
n1
k
2
+
1
2
ku
n
u
n
h
k
2
.
(40)
Forthelastterm,weget
I
3
=
p
n1
p
n
,u
n
u
n
h
1
2
kp
n1
p
n
k
2
+
1
2
ku
n
u
n
h
k
2
1
2
τ
2
kp
t
k
2
L
2
(L
2
)
+
1
2
ku
n
u
n
h
k
2
.
(41)
From(26)and(38)-(41),weobtain(37).
4.SuperconvergenceAnalysis
In thissection, we derivethe superconvergenceof thestate andadjoint
statevariables.
Theorem5.Let(y,p,u)and(y
h
,p
h
,u
h
)bethesolutionsof(5)-(9)
and(16)-(20),respectively.AssumealltheconditionsinTheorem4
aretrue.Then
kP
h
y
n
y
n
h
k
1
+kP
h
p
n
p
n
h
k
1
C
h
2
+τ
.(42)
DOI:10.4236/ajcm.2021.11100558AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics
Y.L.Tang
Proof.LetP
h
y
n
y
n
h
=θ
n
.From(5),(16)andthedefinitionofP
h
,
forn= 1,2,···,Nandw
h
W
h
,weget
(F
α
t
θ
n
,w
h
)+a(θ
n
,w
h
)
= (F
α
t
η
n
,w
h
)+(u
n
u
n
h
,w
h
)
r
n
y,τ
,w
h
.
(43)
AccordingLemma1,wehave
(F
α
t
θ
n
n
) =
1
2α
τ
kθ
n
k
2
+
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
kθ
k
k
2
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
kθ
k
θ
n
k
2
!
.(44)
Notethat
a(θ
n
n
) ckθ
n
k
2
1
.(45)
Setw
h
=θ
n
in(43),thenfrom(44)-(45),H¨older’sinequalityand
Young’sinequality,weobtain
kθ
n
k
2
+2α
τ
ckθ
n
k
2
1
≤−
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
kθ
k
k
2
2α
τ
F
α
t
η
n
(u
n
u
n
h
)+r
n
y,τ
n
≤−
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
kθ
k
k
2
+2α
τ
kF
α
t
η
n
k+ku
n
u
n
h
k+kr
n
y,τ
k
kθ
n
k
≤−
n1
X
k=0
b
n
k
kθ
k
k
2
+α
τ
kF
α
t
η
n
k
2
+ku
n
u
n
h
k
2
+kr
n
y,τ
k
2
+kθ
n
k
2
.
(46)
From (13),(31),Lemma2,Theorem4andembeddingtheorem,we
derive
kP
h
y
n
y
n
h
k
1
C
h
2
+τ
.(47)
Similarly,wecanget
kP
h
p
n
p
n
h
k
1
C
h
2
+τ
.(48)
Then(42)followsfrom(47)-(48).
5.NumericalExperiments
Theoptimalcontrolproblemwasdealtnumericallywithcodesde-
velopedbasedonAFEPack.Thepackageisfreelyavailableandthe
detailscanbefoundat[24].Wesolvethefollowingtimefractional
optimalcontrolproblem:
min
uU
ad
1
2
Z
T
0
Z
(y(t,x)y
d
(t,x))
2
+λ
Z
(u(t,x))
2
dt,
0
α
t
y(t,x)y(t,x) = f(t,x)+u(t,x),inΩ×(0,T],
y(t,x) = 0,on×(0,T],
y(x,0) = y
0
(x),inΩ.
Thediscretizationwasdescribed inSection2.For easeofexposition,
wedenotekuh
h
k
l
(L
2
)
,kP
h
yy
h
k
l
(H
1
)
andkP
h
pp
h
k
l
(H
1
)
DOI:10.4236/ajcm.2021.11100559AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics
Y.L.Tang
by|||e
u
|||,|||e
y
|||
1
and|||e
p
|||
1
,respectively.Thespatialandtime
convergenceratesarecomputedbythefollowingformula:
R
h
=
ln(e
i+1
)ln(e
i
)
ln(h
i+1
)ln(h
i
)
andR
τ
=
ln(e
i+1
)ln(e
i
)
ln(τ
i+1
)ln(τ
i
)
,
wheree
i
(e
i+1
)denotestheerrorwhenthespatialpartitionsizeis
h
i
(h
i+1
)orthetimestepsizeisτ
i
(τ
i+1
).
Example1LetΩ=[0,1] ×[0,1],T=1,λ=1.Thedataareas
follows:
y(t,x) = sin(2πx
1
)sin(2πx
2
)t,
p(t,x) = sin(2πx
1
)sin(2πx
2
)(1t),
u(t,x) = max(0,p(t,x)),
f(t,x) =
0
α
t
y(t,x)y(t,x)u(t,x),
y
d
(t,x) = y(t,x)
t
α
T
p(t,x)p(t,x).
Fordifferentα,theerrors|||e
u
|||,|||e
y
|||
1
and|||e
p
|||
1
areshownin
Tables1-3,whereh
i+1
= h
i
/2andτ
i+1
= τ
i
/4.
Table1.TheconvergencerateforExample1withα=0.05.
hτ|||e
u
|||R
h
R
τ
|||e
y
|||
1
R
h
R
τ
|||e
p
|||
1
R
h
R
τ
1
10
1
10
4.6742e2--8.2685e3--7.4163e3--
1
20
1
40
1.3123e21.830.922.3021e31.840.922.0014e31.900.94
1
40
1
160
3.3262e31.980.995.9132e41.960.985.1089e41.970.99
1
80
1
640
8.4136e41.980.991.4876e41.991.001.2846e41.991.00
Table2.TheconvergencerateforExample1withα=0.5.
hτ|||e
u
|||R
h
R
τ
|||e
y
|||
1
R
h
R
τ
|||e
p
|||
1
R
h
R
τ
1
10
1
10
2.1405e2--6.0628e3--6.3384e3--
1
20
1
40
5.3908e31.990.991.5228e31.991.001.5903e31.991.00
1
40
1
160
1.3485e32.001.003.8158e42.001.003.9828e42.001.00
1
80
1
640
3.3385e42.011.019.5292e52.001.009.7726e52.031.01
Table3.TheconvergencerateforExample1withα=0.95.
hτ|||e
u
|||R
h
R
τ
|||e
y
|||
1
R
h
R
τ
|||e
p
|||
1
R
h
R
τ
1
10
1
10
4.5959e2--7.2163e3--9.5103e3--
1
20
1
40
1.2301e21.900.951.7037e32.081.042.2462e32.081.04
1
40
1
160
3.1189e31.970.994.2247e42.011.015.5526e42.011.01
1
80
1
640
7.8113e41.991.001.0548e42.001.001.3847e42.001.00
DOI:10.4236/ajcm.2021.11100560AmericanJournalofComputationalMathematics
Y.L.Tang
FromnumericalresultsinTables1-3,itisclearthat|||uu
h
|||=
O(h
2
+τ), |||P
h
yy
h
|||
1
= O(h
2
+τ) and|||P
h
pp
h
|||
1
= O(h
2
+τ),
whichareconsistentwithourtheoreticalanalysis.
6.Conclusion
Inthispaper,weestablishtheconvergenceandsuperconvergencere-
sults ofa fullydiscrete finiteelement approximation for timefraction-
aloptimalcontrolproblems.Numericalexperimentresultsverifythe
correctnessofourtheoreticalresults.
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of
China (11401201), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province
(2020JJ4323), the Scientific Research Project of HunanProvincial De-
partment of Education (20A211, 20C0854), the scientific research pro-
graminHunanUniversityofScienceandEngineering(20XKY059),
theconstructprogramofappliedcharacteristicdisciplineinHunan
UniversityofScienceandEngineering.
ConflictsofInterest
Theauthordeclaresnoconflictsofinterestregardingthepublication
ofthispaper.
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