Different Species of Salmonella spp and Shigella spp and Their Risk of Infection in N’Djamena Chad

Mahamat Tahir N’garé Hassan¹, Ahmat Idriss Ahmat¹, Yacoub Mahamat Allamine¹, Abakar Lawane Idriss², Allagueryane Djimadinan¹, Abderrazzack Adoum Foudda³, Ali Mahamat Moussa⁴

¹Laboratoire de Recherche Diagnostics et d’Expertises Scientifiques, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Prevention, N’Djamena, Tchad.
²Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences des Aliments et Nutrition, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine (FSSH), Université de N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Tchad.
³Programme Sectoriel de Lutte Contre le Sida, Université Toumaï, N’Djamena, Tchad.
⁴Services Gastro-Entero-Hépatique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Référence Nationale N’Djaména Tchad, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine, N’Djaména, Tchad.

DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2023.1111001                

Abstract

Introduction: Salmonella and Shigella are gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to most antibiotics and play an important role in an etiology of diarrhea disease. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp and Shigella spp isolated from stool and blood samples in the city of N’Djamena. Materials and Method: This was a prospective study conducted in the four district hospitals of N’Djamena from 14 July 2022 to 31 December 2022. A questionnaire form was drawn up to collect the information sent to the study patients. The samples were analyzed at the CHU de la Mère et de l’Enfant, Labo-Redes laboratory according to their protocols and the standard of the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society. Results: Of the 803 biological samples analyzed, 39 were positive for Salmonella spp and Shigella spp, including 15 for Salmonella and 24 for Shigella, giving an overall prevalence rate of 4.85%. Borehole water, uncooked food and lack of access to a latrine constitute a risk of being infected by Salmonella spp and Shigella spp species. Of the 8 antibiotics tested, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp strains showed good sensitivity to nalidixic acid (100% for Salmonella and 90 for Shigella) and to ciprofloxacin (90.9% for Salmonella and 75% for Shigella). Resistance to ampicillin was found in 81.81% of Salmonella species and 78.57% of Shigella species, as was resistance to chloramphenicol (81.81% of Salmonella species and 67.85% of Shigella species). Similarly, cleanliness of the service and equipment is an essential factor in preventing Salmonella and Shigella infections.

Keywords

Salmonella, Shigella, Species, Prevalence, Antibiotics, Resistance, Chad

Table 1. Socio-Demographic of study participants.

Table 2. Distribution of the number of isolated cases (N = 39) by N’Djamena District Hospitals.

Table 3. Frequency of bacteria isolated according to biological type.

Table 4. Factors associated with the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella.

Table 5. Susceptibility profile of antibiotics tested.

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Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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