Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory
Vol.09 No.03(2019), Article ID:93598,8 pages
10.4236/alamt.2019.93003
Numerical Radius Inequalities for Sums and Products of Operators
Wasim Audeh
Department of Mathematics, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Received: June 13, 2019; Accepted: July 7, 2019; Published: July 10, 2019
ABSTRACT
A numerical radius inequality due to Shebrawi and Albadawi says that: If are bounded operators in Hilbert space, , and be nonnegative continuous functions on satisfying the relation , then for all . We give sharper numerical radius inequality which states that: If are bounded operators in Hilbert space, , and be nonnegative continuous functions on satisfying the relation , then where .Moreover, we give many numerical radius inequalities which are sharper than related inequalities proved recently, and several applications are given.
Keywords:
Numeriacl Radius, Operator Norm, Operator Matrix, Inequality, Equality, Offdiagonal Part
1. Fundamental Principles
Let denote the -algebra of all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space H. In the case when , we identify with the matrix algebra of all matrices with entries in the complex field. The numerical radius of is defined by
(1)
It is well-known that defines a norm on , which is equivalent to the usual operator norm. Namely, for , we have
(2)
These inequalities are sharp. The first inequality becomes an equality if , and the second inequality becomes an equality if T is normal (see [1] ).
An important inequality for is the power inequality stating that for see ( [2] : p. 118).
An important property of the numerical radius norm is its weak unitary invariance, that is, for ,
(3)
for every unitary . For further information about the properties of numerical radius inequalities we refer the reader to [2] - [7] and references therein.
Let be Hilbert spaces, and consider the direct sum . By considering this decomposition, every operator has a operator matrix representation with entries .
2. Introduction
Hirzallah, Kittaneh and Shebrawi have proved in [8] that:
If , then:
(4)
also, they proved that:
If , then:
(5)
Moreover, they showed that:
if , then:
(6)
Shebrawi and Albadawi have proved in [9] that:
If and be nonnegative continuous functions on satisfying the relation , then:
(7)
for all .
In the special case, where and , , they proved that:
(8)
In particular, they proved the following inequalities:
1)
(9)
2)
(10)
3)
(11)
4)
(12)
The main purpose of this paper is to give considerable improvements of the inequalities (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), and (12). In order to achieve our goal, we need the following three lemmas which are essential in our analysis.
The first lemma was proved in [10] .
Lemma 1 If and , then:
(13)
where .
If , the inequality (13) becomes an equality where
(14)
The second lemma follows from the spectral theorem for positive operators and Jensen’s inequality (see [11] ).
Lemma 2 Let , and such that . Then:
1) for .
2) for .
The third lemma was proved in [11]
Lemma 3 Let and be any vectors. If are nonnegative continuous functions on which are satisfying the relation , then:
(15)
and more general,
(16)
3. Main Results
The first result in this paper is numerical radius inequality which is sharper than the inequality (7).
Theorem 3.1 Let , , and be nonnegative continuous functions on satisfying the relation . Then:
(17)
where
(18)
Proof.
Taking the supremum over all unit vectors , we get
Remark 1 In view of the inequalities (7) and (17), it clears that the inequality (17) is sharper than the inequality (7).
As special case of the inequality (17), let and , , we will get the following inequality which is sharper than the inequality (8).
Corollary 4 Let , , , and . Then:
(19)
where
(20)
In particular, if , we get the following inequality which is charper than the inequality (9),
(21)
where
(22)
By letting in the inequality (19), we obtain the following inequality which is sharper than the inequality (10).
Corollary 5 Let , , , and . Then:
(23)
where
Letting in the inequality (23), we obtain the following inequality which is sharper than the inequality (11).
Corollary 6 Let , , and . Then:
(24)
where
(25)
In the inequality (24), replacing by 0, we have the following inequality which is sharper than the inequality (12).
Corollary 7 Let . Then:
(26)
where
Now, we will prove the following inequality which is another version of the inequality (6).
Theorem 3.2 Let . Then:
(27)
Proof. Let , then U is unitary, and
((by Equation (3))
since ( , so ),
and ( , so ).
Chaining the inequality (27) with the inequality (4) yields the following inequality.
Corollary 8 Let . Then:
(28)
Proof. In Theorem 3.2, apply the inequality (4) on the right side, we get the result.
Chaining the inequality (27) with the inequality (5) yields the following inequality.
Corollary 9 Let . Then:
(29)
Proof. In Theorem 3.2, apply the inequality (5) on the right side, we get the result.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Cite this paper
Audeh, W. (2019) Numerical Radius Inequalities for Sums and Products of Operators. Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory, 9, 35-42. https://doi.org/10.4236/alamt.2019.93003
References
- 1. Gustafson, K.E. and Rao, D.K.M. (1997) Numerical Range, the Field of Values of Linear Operators and Matrices. Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8498-4_1
- 2. Halmos, P.R. (1982) A Hilbert Space Problem Book. 2nd Edition, Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9330-6
- 3. Hirzallah, O., Kittaneh, F. and Shebrawi, K. (2011) Numerical Radius Inequalities for Commutators of Hilbert Space Operators. Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization, 32, 739-749. https://doi.org/10.1080/01630563.2011.580875
- 4. Kittaneh, F. (2005) Numerical Radius Inequalities for Hilbert Space Operators. Studia Mathematica, 168, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.4064/sm168-1-5
- 5. Kittaneh, F. (2003) A Numerical Radius Inequality and an Estimate for the Numerical Radius of the Frobenius Companion Matrix. Studia Mathematica, 158, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.4064/sm158-1-2
- 6. Sheikhhosseini, A., Moslehian, M.S. and Shebrawi, Kh. (2017) Inequalities for Generalized Euclidean Operator Radius via Youngs Inequality. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 445, 1516-1529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2016.03.079
- 7. Yamazaki, T. (2007) On Upper and Lower Bounds of the Numerical Radius and an Equality Condition. Studia Mathematica, 178, 83-89. https://doi.org/10.4064/sm178-1-5
- 8. Hirzallah, O., Kittaneh, F. and Shebrawi, K. (2011) Numerical Radius Inequalities for Certain 2 × 2 Operator Matrices. Integral Equations and Operator Theory, 71, 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00020-011-1893-0
- 9. Shebrawi, K. and Albadawi, H. (2009) Numerical Radius and Operator Norm Inequalities. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2009, Article ID: 492154. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/492154
- 10. Kittaneh, F. and Manasrah, Y. (2010) Improved Young and Heinz Inequalities for Matrices. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 361, 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2009.08.059
- 11. Kittaneh, F. (1988) Notes on Some Inequalities for Hilbert Space Operators. Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 24, 283-293. https://doi.org/10.2977/prims/1195175202