Kristina Zubow, Anatolij Viktorovich Zubow, Viktor Anatolijevich Zubow
Aist Handels- und consulting GmbH, R&D Department, Gro? Gievitz, Germany.
Department of Computer Science, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
DOI: 10.4236/jbpc.2010.11001   PDF    HTML   XML   6,511 Downloads   11,774 Views   Citations

Abstract

In tubers of two potato cultivars and in one apple cultivar, water clusters, consisting of 11 ± 1, 100, 178, 280, 402, 545, 715, 903, 119, 1351, 1606 and 1889 molecules, were directly (in-vivo) analyzed by gravitation spectroscopy. The clusters’ interactions with their surroundings during plant growth in summer 2006 in Germany were described where a model represents the states of water clusters in bio matrices. Furthermore, a comparison with clusters in irrigation water (river, rain) is given. To achieve a high and good quality yield it is necessary to choose the right irrigation water that has to correspond with the water cluster super structure in plants. The formation energy for the (H2O)280 cluster during plant growth is between 0.4 and 1.3 kJ/mol. Water clusters were found to communicate with surroundings by resonance field oscillations. The main cluster parameters which were investigated are intensities of oscillations, average molecular masses, rate of collapsed clusters, and total number of clusters in ensemble during potato (apple) growth. A correlation between the change of water cluster ensembles in plants with molecular masses of all clusters in isolated starch (in-vitro) during plant growth process is discussed. In particular for potato tubers’ growth, there was observed a correlation between water cluster development and average molecular masses of amylopectin super coils. The com-munication of plants with each other and with surroundings proceeds by resonance field of oscillating water clusters. Planet gravitation was found to influence the water cluster structure in plants.

Keywords

Clusters ; Field ; Communication ; Gravitation ; Spectroscopy; Planets

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1. INTRODUCTION

It is well known, that in the bulk water molecules form clusters [1]. Though clusters were discovered in biological matrices [2] until now there isn’t still a method by which clusters in plants can be identified during growth in-vivo. By Okonchi Shoichi [3] it was suggested, that water molecules are in the form of clusters in living organisms. In Figure 1 computer models of some water clusters are given. In our laboratory, we developed a gravitation spectrometer for water cluster identification in bio-matrices of plants [4-6]. Knowing the state of water clusters in plants could be helpful for understanding the relation between biochemical processes at nanoscale level during growth and qualitative yields.

The aim of the present work was to investigate water cluster ensembles in potato tubers and apples during their growth period in summer 2006 furthermore, to understand whether a communication of clusters with each other or with their surroundings is possible.

2. MATERIAL AND METHODS

Potato starch from different cultivars (“Agria-N” from Kartoffelzucht Böhm KG and “Kalena” from NORIKA Nordring-Kartoffelzucht-und Vermehrungs-GmbH, both of Germany) prepared by a standard method was chosen as investigation object. Pure amylopectin was provided by Bavaria State Research Center LfL. The mass spectra were measured with the gravitation spectrometer (GS) of the Aist Handelsund Consulting GmbH, Germany (www.zubow.de), where the energy (f) caused by the interaction of the clusters with a shock wave is a function of molecular masses of the oscillating clusters. Molecular masses of clusters were calculated by Zubow equations [5]. The calibration of the device was carried out with the clusters (H₂O)_11-12 [7-9], (H₂O)₁₀₀ and (H₂O)₂₈₀ both by Chaplin [10] in bi-distilled water at 295 K [1]. The potato samples (tubers) were taken at the very same place (planted on 27.04.2006) whereas the apple

sample of “alstar” cultivar was withdrawn at the very same tree and at the very same branch. Pure agarose of Aldrich (T_gel = 315К, Т_fl = 533К) was used for preparing a model bio-matrix. Agarose hydrogels were prepared by dissolving agarose (0.3, 0.8 and 3 wt. %) in boiling distilled water (15 ± 5)·10^-8, оm^-1 _* сm^-1) with following cooling until room temperature. Below the general Scheme 1 of the GS-measuring cell for the investigation of clusters in samples is shown [6]. The average day temperature (T_d, from 09.00 a.m. until 06.00 p.m.) between June 8^th (x₀ = 1987) and September 1^st (x_i = 2070) can be described with T_d = 3E-05·x³ – 0.1889·x² + 393.73·x – 273034.

The GMS-method called in earlier works of authors as FNS-method is described in detail in [1,5], (algorithmus

The negative value of a signal in the

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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