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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Synthesis of Barium Nickel Titanium Oxide Stabilized by Citric Acid

  AUTHORS: K. Y. Chew, M. Abu Bakar, N.H.H. Abu Bakar

  KEYWORDS: Barium Nickel Titanium Oxide; Citric Acid; Morphology

  JOURNAL NAME: Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science, Vol.3 No.1B, January 21, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Barium nickel titanium oxide particles (Ba2NiTi5O13) were synthesized in the presence of citric acid by using a two step sol-gel method followed by calcination. The addition of citric acid as a stabilizer (mole ratio of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0) resulted in the formation of Ba2NiTi5O13 particles with various morphology (i.e. sphere, cube, rod). These various morphology changes were deduced to be caused by citric acid that tends to absorbed on certain dimension of the Ba2NiTi5O13 particles when different concentration of citric acid was added. Besides that, the growth of Ba2NiTi5O13 particles from incorporation of bulky micelles which act as a protective 'shell' that control particle sizes by attaching on the surfaces of particles.