TITLE:
An Appraisal of Fluoride Distribution and Ionic Balance in Ground Water of Mundaragi Taluk, Gadag District, Karnataka, India: A Case Study
AUTHORS:
Aswini Arali, K. Lokesh, S. Manjappa, B. Suresh
KEYWORDS:
Fluoride, Cation, Anion Behaviour, Mundaragi, Karnataka, India
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,
Vol.9 No.10,
October
18,
2021
ABSTRACT: A total, 25 different ground-water samples collected in Mundaragi taluk
in of Gadag district, Karnataka, India to appraise the distribution of
Fluoride. pH of collected groundwater is shown
alkaline in nature and ranged between 7.18 and 9.32 with a mean value of 8.36.
Fluoride content ranged between 0.86 to 4.63 mg/L in ground water samples, with
minimum value 0.86 mg/L (MGK24) and maximum value 4.63 mg/L (MGK20). 48% of
samples indicated fluoride content below 1.4 mg/L and 32% samples indicated
fluoride content in between 2.0 and 3.0 mg/L. Followed by 8% of the samples
showed fluoride content ranges above 3.1. The public from villagers have been
used high fluoride-bearing groundwater for drinking prolonged period and
suffering from fluorosis. Analytical values also predict that occurrence of
minerals like apatite, fluorspar, topaz and mica gets processed naturally and releases fluoride into the lithosphere and percolates
into ground water. The present study also helps find out a suitable adsorbent
for removal of Fluoride in ground water. However, with respect to chemistry of
water, the cation and anion balance of all the 25 groundwater samples were inside
the recognized limit of ±10%. The fluoride content is maximum in Na+- type and low
in Ca2+- type
groundwater in the Mundaragi Taluk. Furthermore, shown a
significant positive correlation with pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, and negative
correlation with Mg2+ and , which shows that the alkaline condition of water
is the key role for leachate forming of fluoride-bearing minerals. Gibbs chart
shows all groundwater values are fall under dominance of rock weathering group
with a tendency towards the evaporation dominance class. Hence, interaction of
rock-water is the pioneer cause of raised fluoride in the groundwater of the
study area. Furthermore, the study showed no such substantial relation present
between and , these variables are further process to groundwater from different
sources, from geological minerals and from manmade
activities.