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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Effects of Water Immersion in Different Water Depths on Respiratory Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength among Elderly People: An Observational Study

  AUTHORS: Yoshihiro Yamashina, Tomoko Hirayama, Hiroki Aoyama, Hirofumi Hori, Emiko Morita, Nami Sakagami, Wataru Nanikawa, Shigeru Terada, Masahiro Goto, Kazuyuki Tabira

  KEYWORDS: Respiratory Functions, Respiratory Muscle Strength, Water Immersion, Elderly People

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Aging Research, Vol.10 No.4, July 5, 2021

  ABSTRACT: The aim was to investigate the effect of three water levels (umbilical, 4th rib, and clavicular) on the respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength among elderly. Spirometry and respiratory strength were measured on land as baseline data. Next, water depth conditions were determined randomly, and spirometry and respiratory muscle strength were measured at each water level. The Vital Capacity and Expiratory reserve volume in the clavicular level were significantly lower than those in the land and umbilical trials. No significant difference was observed in other respiratory functions. Chest circumference and respiratory muscle strength were not significantly different among all conditions.