TITLE:
The Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Abia State
AUTHORS:
Onuka Okorie, Ahukanna John, M. Gidado, Gabriel Akang, Ubochioma Emperor, Enogu Rupert, Ibeziako Vivian, Emmanuel Meribole, Pius Osakwe
KEYWORDS:
Multidrug Resistant TB, among People Living with HIV
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Infectious Diseases,
Vol.6 No.2,
June
20,
2016
ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium
tuberculosis and transmittedfrom person to person, through inhalation
of droplet nuclei aerosolized by coughing of an infectedperson. It
reached epidemic proportions in Europe and North America during the 18th and
19thcenturies. The incubation period is 2 - 6 weeks and the control has
been complicated with emergence of HIV and drug-resistant TB. In 1993, World
Health Organization (WHO) declared TB aglobal emergency. However, despite
the concerted effort of National TB control programs, adoption and
implementation of Stop TB strategy, TB has remained a major public health
challengewith high mortality rate, especially in developing countries.
Methodology: This is a descriptivestudy, evaluated using the
positivist/quantitative approach. The study was conducted at FederalMedical
Centre Umuahia, a tertiary specialist hospital with comprehensive TB/HIV
treatment services. All the presumptive drug-resistant TB cases and symptomatic
PLHIV were screened for HIVand their sputum specimens were tested for
tuberculosis using the Gene xpert and the Ziehl-Neelsen technique for
detecting Acid Fast bacilli. A pretested structured questionnaire was used
tocollect the demographic data and other essential data from the presumptive TB
and laboratoryregisters such as total number of TB presumptive cases registered
HIV status, AFB status and rifampicin status within the study period. Result: A
total of 493 presumptive TB cases werescreenedin the study, 49.9%
were HIV positive while 50.05% were HIV negative. More so, 77.85% of
thescreened cases were AFB negative and 22.15% were AFB positive. Moreover, 11%
of the TB/HIVco-infected patients were rifampicin positive. Interestingly
among the 493 cases screened withgene xpert machine, 3.6% were rifampicin
positive. Furthermore, 3.6% of the HIV negative cases were rifampicin positive
while 1.6% of the HIV positive cases were rifampicin positive. Discussion: The
data depict lower rifampicin resistance among HIV positive cases than HIV
negative cases. The implication for public health professionals is to intensify
equitable and unbiased search for resistant TB cases among smear negative and
positive cases.