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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The vascular endothelial growth factor genes expression in glioma U87 cells is dependent from ERN1 signaling enzyme function

  AUTHORS: Dmytro O. Minchenko, Kateryna I. Kubaichuk, Oksana O. Ratushna, Serhiy V. Komisarenko, Oleksandr H. Minchenko

  KEYWORDS: VEGF Expression; ERN1; Hypoxia; Ischemic Conditions; Angiogenesis; Glioma U87 Cells

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Biological Chemistry, Vol.2 No.2, May 10, 2012

  ABSTRACT: The expression of different vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes was studied in glioma U87 cells with endoplasmic reticulum–nuclei-1 (ERN1) loss of function and its regulation by hypoxia and glutamine or glucose deprivation conditions as model of ischemia. The blockade of function of the ERN1 enzyme, which is a major sensor of endoplasmic reticulum stress, leads to a decrease of the VEGFA, VEGFB and VEGFC mRNA expression level. The level of VEGFA proteins also decreases at this experimental condition in the cytosolic fraction, but increases in the nuclear fraction. Hypoxia does not affect VEGFC and increases the expression level of VEGFA and VEGFB mRNA in both used cell types, however, the change was much less profound in cells with suppressed function of ERN1. The expression level of VEGFC mRNA decreases in both used cell types in glutamine deprivation condition, however, the change was more profound in control glioma cells. At the same time, the expression level of VEGFA mRNA increases and VEGFB—decreases in gluta-mine deprivation condition in control glioma cells only. Exposure of glioma cells to glucose deprivation condition increases VEGFB mRNA expression level in both used cell types; however, VEGFA—in control glioma cells only and VEGFC—in cells with ERN1 signaling enzyme loss of function only. Thus, the results of this study clearly demonstrated the down-regulation of the expression of all three VEGF genes in glioma cells with ERN1 loss of function which correlates to the suppressed angiogenesis and proliferation rate of these cells. Moreover, the effect of hy-poxia and glutamine or glucose deprivation condition on the expression level of all VEGF genes is different and mainly depends on ERN1 signaling enzyme function.