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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Goldman Hodgkin and Katz Errors

  AUTHORS: Bernard Delalande, Hirohisa Tamagawa, Vladimir Matveev

  KEYWORDS: Membrane Theory, Membrane Potential, Nernst, Bernstein, GHK Equation, Biophysics, Biology

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Access Library Journal, Vol.12 No.4, April 18, 2025

  ABSTRACT: The Goldman Hodgkin and Katz equation (GHK) is regarded as a cornerstone in the field of biology. The GHK equation expands upon Bernstein’s hypothesis. Bernstein had originally employed the Nernst equation to validate his theory. Consequently, the GHK equation is also logically derived from the Nernst equation. Contemporary understanding in chemistry and electrochemistry conclusively indicates that the GHK equation contains fundamental flaws, as it deviates from the primary intent of the Nernst equation and incorporates parameters that are entirely inappropriate.Subject AreasBiochemistry, Biophysics, Cell Biology