TITLE:
Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Aloe chabaudii Leaf Gel as a Substitute for a Sulfonamide for the Control of Avian Coccidiosis
AUTHORS:
Marvelous Sungirai, Moses Mucheni, Lawrence Masaka
KEYWORDS:
Aloe chabaudii; Coccidiosis; Sulphonamide; Efficacy
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Applied Sciences,
Vol.3 No.7,
November
5,
2013
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study was to
investigate the effectiveness of Aloe chabaudii schonland juice as a
potential substitute of sulphonamide drugs and to measure its effects when
administered at different concentrations in the control of avian coccidiosis.
30 cobb and 500 broiler chickens were used for the
experiment. The broilers were randomised into six groups of five birds each and
the groups were assigned to six treatments in a Complete Randomised Design
(CRD). Four of the groups were given any one of the following treatments,
different concentrations of Aloe (weight/volume: 10%, 20% and 30%) and a sulphonamide. There was
a control group which was not given a treatment and one cohort group which was
neither infected nor treated. At two weeks of age, 25 of the birds were
infected with coccidia via drinking water using infected chicken fecal matter,
while the remaining five birds were left uninfected. Infection proceeded for 1
week and after the infection period, fecal oocysts were counted from each
individual bird using the McMaster technique. Treatments started one day after the infection and continued for one week after 20 gram samples of fecal matter were
taken from each bird per treatment and oocysts were counted. After oocyst
counting, all birds were slaughtered and lesion scoring was done on the
intestines using the Johnson and Reid technique. Data was analysed for oocysts
count in different treatments, fecal egg count reduction, relative risk of
coccidiosis and the effectiveness of Aloe concentrations as a substitute for a commercial sulphonamide. The results
showed that the concentrations of Aloe used in the experiment were not effective as compared to the sulphonamide in
controlling coccidiosis as the fecal egg reduction was below 90% for all
concentrations. The relative risk of coccidiosis infection in the farm was
found to be 100%, meaning that coccidiosis
is a disease of economic importance at the farm. However, there
was a reduction in the fecal oocyst count with increase in Aloe juice concentration to control coccidiosis, though this could
not be compared to sulphonamide (ESB3) which was more effective (p 0.05).
This study has shown that there is potential for use of Aloe chabaudii leaf gel as a chemotherapeutic though much research
is needed to determine absolute concentrations which will make it comparable to
commercially available drugs in terms of efficacy.