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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Enhanced Constructability Using 4D Plus Modelling in Brownfield Sites

  AUTHORS: Michael A. Stogdill, Muhammed Asharaf T. Veleri

  KEYWORDS: Brownfield, Laser Scanning, 4-D Modeling, 3-D Modeling, Constructability

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, Vol.11 No.2, June 30, 2023

  ABSTRACT: In the oil and gas industry, operations in greenfield sites are straightforward. However, there are increased risks, such as damage to existing facilities, unknown site conditions, and other complexities in brownfield sites. In addition to these physical risks, task scheduling is also complex, as vessels need to be replaced during a turnaround. To mitigate the risks of site conditions and realize a truncated schedule for Saudi Aramco’s operations, 3D laser scanning was combined with 3D modeling, clash detection, and time. This integrated approach minimized the shutdown period, which resulted in cost savings, heightened safety, and enhanced stakeholder communications.