Berg, R.C., Denison, E. and Fretheim, A. (2010) Psychological, Social, and Sexual Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, No. 13-2010.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Clitoral Pain and Dyspareunia after Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Case Report

  AUTHORS: Jasmine Abdulcadir, Emily Manin, Daniela Huber

  KEYWORDS: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), Dyspareunia, Clitorodynia

  JOURNAL NAME: International Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol.10 No.7, July 19, 2019

  ABSTRACT: Background: Current evidence has focused on the complications of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) types 2 and 3, and there is a gap in the knowledge of the complications of FGM/C types 1 and 4, which are often considered milder forms of cutting. Case Presentation: A 23-year-old Somali woman with FGM/C was referred for chronic clitoral pain and superficial dyspareunia after several inconclusive gynecological examinations. Her clitoris was found to be entrapped under the scar of the cut clitoral hood. We surgically lysed the scar and reconstructed a prepuce. At the two-month follow-up, the patient reported no pain and physiologic sexual response. Conclusion: Clitoral pain and dyspareunia after FGM/C can be due to the incarceration of the clitoral glans. Treatment is surgical lysis of the scar.