The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Health Care for the Underserved Women and the American Society of Addiction Medicine (2012) Opioid Abuse, Dependence, and Addiction in Pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 119, 1070-1076.
https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318256496e

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Labor Pain Treated with Acupuncture or Acupressure

  AUTHORS: Oroma B. Nwanodi

  KEYWORDS: Acupuncture, Acupressure, Cesarean Delivery, Complementary Therapies, Electro-Acupuncture, Labor Pain Treatment, Manual Acupuncture, Non-Pharmacological Labor Pain Management, Obstetrics

  JOURNAL NAME: Chinese Medicine, Vol.7 No.4, December 1, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Opioid-dependent women have an 80% to 90% unintended pregnancy rate, almost double the overall unintended pregnancy rate: 40% globally and 51% in north America. The prescription drug abuse milieu increases the possibility opioid abusing laboring patients. In 2012, neonatal abstinence syndrome occurred in 5.8 per 1000 hospital births. Non-pharmacological labor pain management (NPLPM) is especially recommended for laboring patients with a history of substance abuse. Therefore, literature review was performed to elucidate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture, noninvasive electro-acupuncture (EA), and acupressure in labor pain management. Compared to standard intrapartum controls, bilateral EA at JiaJin or Sanyinjiao significantly reduced visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores 30-minutes post intervention (p