Barbour, A.G., Tessier, S.L. and Todd, W.J. (1983) Lyme Disease Spirochetes and Ixodid Tick Spirochetes Share a Common Surface Antigenic Determinant Defined by a Monoclonal Antibody. Infection and Immunity, 41, 795-804.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Chronic Lyme Disease: Persistent Clinical Symptoms Related to Immune Evasion, Antibiotic Resistance and Various Defense Mechanisms of Borrelia burgdorferi

  AUTHORS: Aaron J. Smith, John Oertle, Dino Prato

  KEYWORDS: Borrelia burgdorferi, Immune Response, Antibiotics, Surface Proteins, Pleomorphism, Ixode Tick

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol.4 No.4, December 31, 2014

  ABSTRACT: There are several factors involved in the ability of Borrelia burgdorferi to retain a persistent infection within a mammalian host. These factors of immune evasion include regulation of membrane proteins, variable epitopes of surface proteins, protection against the immune system through tick saliva, the ability to migrate to regions where it is not exposed to the immune system or antibiotics, invagination or invasion within various cells, pleomorphic forms, and the potential to produce biofilms. The window of conventional treatment for Lyme disease is short and has the potential to display different symptoms depending on the strain of Borrelia bugdorferi. These symptoms are dependent on the localization of Borrelia burgdorferi which correlates to the significance of diagnosing Lyme disease early to prevent such a spread throughout the body. Such complications of Borrelia burgdorferi may demand new clinical treatment discoveries for patient fighting the chronic form.