Groenendijk, B.C.W., Stekelenburg-Vos, S., Vennemann, P., Wladimiroff, J.W., Nieuwstadt, F.T.M., Lindken, R., Westerweel, J., Hierck, B., Ursem, N.T.C. and Poelmann, R.E. (2008) The endothelin-1 pathway and the development of cardiovascular defects in the haemodynamically challenged chicken embryo. Journal of Vascular Research, 45, 54-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000109077

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Association of NOS3 and HIF1α gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of broiler chickens to develop hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

  AUTHORS: Juana Moncaleano-Vega, Fernando Ariza, Aureliano Hernández

  KEYWORDS: Cis and Trans-Activation Regulatory Elements; Deleterious Effect; Penetrance

  JOURNAL NAME: Agricultural Sciences, Vol.4 No.12, December 25, 2013

  ABSTRACT: A genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) was established in a commercial population of broiler chickens. The associated SNPs were found in the NOS3 and HIF1α genes (LOD > 6; p NOS3 gene interfere with its trans-activation and transcriptional activation activities under natural hypobaric hypoxia conditions and are located in a consensus sequence that is called the hypoxia response element (HRE). SNPs located in the HIF1α gene could act as alternative cryptic splicing sites in intron six, which may stimulate non-sense mediated early decay (NMD) of the primary transcript. A fragment of intron 3 of the EDN1 gene was also evaluated, but the polymorphisms found were not associated with PHS (lod 0.001). However, further studies on the regulatory transcription sequences of EDN1 are recommended. The findings of this study indicate that intronic sequences should be included when searching for polymorphisms that produce physiological changes. Introns have transcriptional regulatory sequences or post-transcriptional control signals, which are known as cis- and trans-activation regulatory elements and are able to alter the physiological processes of hypoxia adaptation when modified. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the inheritance pattern of PHS is autosomal overdominant and has deleterious effects that are characterized by higher penetrance in heterozygous than in homozygous animals, which prevent broiler chickens from being able to adapt to high altitudes.