[1]
|
Acharya, K. P. (2002). Twenty-four years of community forestry in Nepal. International Forestry Review, 4, 149-156.
doi:10.1505/IFOR.4.2.149.17447
|
[2]
|
Adhikari, B., Williams, F., & Lovett, J. C. (2007). Local benefits from community forests in the middle hills of Nepal. Forest Policy & Economics, 9, 464-478. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2005.11.002
|
[3]
|
Adnan, S., & Dastidar, R. (2011). Alienation of the lands of indigenous peoples in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Dhaka/Copenhagen: Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission/International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.
|
[4]
|
AF (2010). Conserving forests for the future: Annual report 2009. Dhaka: Arannayk Foundation. URL.
http://www.arannayk.org/docs/af_annualreport_2009.pdf
|
[5]
|
Ali, M. E., & Tsuchiya, T. (2002). Land rights of the indigenous people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh: A historical analysis of policy issues. Fourth World Journal, 5, 63-79.
|
[6]
|
Arnold, J. E. M. (1998). Managing forests as common property: FAO Forestry Paper 136. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
|
[7]
|
Azam, M., & Sarker, T. (2011). Green tourism in the context of climate change towards sustainable economic development in the South Asian Region. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 1, 6-15.
|
[8]
|
Banerjee, A. K. (2000). Devolving forest management in Asia-Pacific countries. In T. Enters, P. B. Durst, & M. Victor (Eds.), Decentrali-zation and devolution of forest management in Asia and the Pacific. RECOFTC Report 18, RAP Publication 2000/1, Bangkok.
|
[9]
|
Barkat, A., Halim, S., Poddar, A., Badiuzzaman, M., Osman, A., Khan, M. S., Rahman, M., Majid, M., Mahiyuddin, G., Chakma, S., & Bashir, S. (2009). Socio-economic baseline survey of Chittagong Hill Tracts. Dhaka: Human Development Research Centre (HDRC)/Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Facility (CHTDF)/UNDP. URL.
www.chtdf.org/chtdf_files/chtdf_documents/Publications/Study%20
Reports/Survey/Socio-economic_BaselineSurvey_CHT_%20HDRC_ %2008April09.pdf
|
[10]
|
Baten, M. A., Khan, N. A., Ahammad, R., & Misbahuzzaman, K. (2010). Village common forests in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: Balance between Conservation and Exploitation. Dhaka: Unnayan Onneshan—The Innovators, 13.
|
[11]
|
Baumann, P. (2002). Improving access to natural resources for the rural poor: A critical analysis of central concepts and emerging trends from a sustainable livelihoods perspective. LSP Working Paper 1, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme, Livelihood Support Programme (LSP). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
|
[12]
|
Behera, B., & Engel, S. (2006). Institutional analysis of evolution of joint forest management in India: A new institutional economics approach. Forest Policy & Economics, 8, 350-362.
doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2005.08.006
|
[13]
|
Berkes, F., Feeny, D., McCay, B. J., & Acheson, M. J. (1989). The benefits of the commons. Nature, 340, 91-93.
doi:10.1038/340091a0
|
[14]
|
Biswas, A. K. (1992). Forest management, environment and development in South Asia. Contemporary South Asia, 1, 249-258.
doi:10.1080/09584939208719684
|
[15]
|
Chakma, B., Khisa, B. B., & Chakma, S. (undated). Conflict into opportunities: Towards forest governance in Chittagong Hill Tracts (A case study from Bangladesh). Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). URL.
http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/6DF92D6FFC994A7DC12575F40061C235/$file/B._Chakma_3.1.pdf
|
[16]
|
Chowdhury, K. (2008). Politics of identities and resources in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: Ethnonationalism and/or indigenous identity. Asian Journal of Social Science, 36, 57-78.
doi:10.1163/156853108X267567
|
[17]
|
Chowdhury, M. S. H., & Miah, M. D. (2003). Housing pattern and food habit of the Mro-tribe community in Bangladesh: A forest dependence perspective. Journal of Forestry Research, 14, 253-258.
doi:10.1007/BF02856841
|
[18]
|
CIFOR (2011). Community-based forest management key to success of REDD+. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). URL (last checked 10 July 2011).
http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/mediamultimedia/newsroom/press-releases/press-releases-detail-view/article/238/community-based-forest-management-key-to-success-of-redd.html
|
[19]
|
Ciriacy-Wantrup, S. V., & Bishop, R. C. (1975). “Common property” as a concept in natural resources policy. Natural Resources Journal, 15, 713-727.
|
[20]
|
DoF. (2011). Community forestry. Department of Forests, Government of Nepal. URL (last checked 23 October 2011).
http://www.dof.gov.np/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=95&Itemid=121
|
[21]
|
Duthy, S., & Bolo-Duthy, B. (2003). Empowering people’s organizations in community based forest management in the Philippines: The community organizing role of NGOs. Annals of Tropical Research, 25, 13-27.
|
[22]
|
FAO (2011). State of the world’s forests. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. URL.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2000e/i2000e.pdf
|
[23]
|
Feeny, D., Berkes, F., McCay, B. J., & Acheson, J. M. (1990). The tragedy of commons: Twenty-two years later. Human Ecology, 18, 1-19. doi:10.1007/BF00889070
|
[24]
|
FRA. (2010). Global forest resources assessment 2010: Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. URL.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e.pdf
|
[25]
|
Gautam, A. P., Shivakoti, G.P., & Webb, E. L. (2004). A review of forest policies, institutions, and changes in the resource condition in Nepal. International Forestry Review, 6, 136-148.
doi:10.1505/ifor.6.2.136.38397
|
[26]
|
Halim, S., & Roy, R. D. (2006). Lessons learned from the application of human rights-based approaches in the indigenous forestry sector in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: A case study of the village common forest project implemented by Taungya. URL.
http://hrbaportal.org/wp-content/files/1233223431_8_1_1_resfile.pdf
|
[27]
|
Halim, S., Roy, R. D., Chakma, S., Tanchangya, S.B. (2007). Bangladesh: The interface of customary and state laws in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. In H. Leake (Ed.), Bridging the gap: Policies and practices on indigenous peoples’ natural resource management in Asia. Chiang Mai: UNDP-RIPP/AIPP Foundation.
|
[28]
|
Halim, S., Roy, R. D., Chakma, S., & Tanchangya, S. B. (undated). Natural resource management country studies: Bangladesh report. Regional Indigenous Peoples’ Programme, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP-RIPP). URL.
www.snap-undp.org/elibrary/Publications/NRMBangladesh.pdf
|
[29]
|
Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162, 12431248. doi:10.1126/science.162.3859.1243
|
[30]
|
Heltberg, R. (2001). Determinants and impact of local institutions for common resource management. Environment and Development Economics, 6, 183-208. doi:10.1017/S1355770X01000110
|
[31]
|
IPP (2011). BAN: Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project. Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP). Dhaka: Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs and Asian Development Bank.
|
[32]
|
Islam, M. A., Marinova, D., Khan, M. H., Chowdhury, G.W., Chakma, S., Uddin, M., Jahan, I., Akter, R., Mohsanin, S., & Tennant, E. (2009). Community Conserved Areas (CCAs) in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Wildlife Trust of Bangladesh.
|
[33]
|
Jamaluddin, M., Hassan, M. K., & Miah, M. M. (2010). Identifying livelihood patterns of ethnic minorities and their coping strategies different vulnerabilities situation in Chittagong Hill Tracts Region, Bangladesh. Final Report CF#7/08. Dhaka: National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme (NFPCSP), USAID.
|
[34]
|
Khan, N. A., & Khisa, S. K. (2000). Sustainable land management with rubber based agroforestry: A Bangladeshi example of uplands community development. Sustainable Development, 8, 1-10.
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1719(200002)8:1<1::AID-SD126>3.0.CO;2-C
|
[35]
|
Khisa, S. K. (1998). Ethno-botanical cultural background of ethnic communities in forest resource management in Chittagong Hill Tracts. In R. L. Banik, M. K. Alam, S. J. Pei, & A. Rastog (Eds.), Applied ethnobotany (pp. 56-63). Chittagong: Bangladesh Forest Research Institute.
|
[36]
|
Lasimbang, J. (2006). Natural resource management country studies. Regional Synthesis Paper. Regional Indigenous Peoples’ Programme, UNDP. URL.
www.snap-undp.org/elibrary/Publications/NRMRegionalSynthesisPaper.pdf
|
[37]
|
Mahapatra, L. K. (1997). Parameters of forest policy for tribal development. In P. M. Mohapatra, & P. C. Mohapatro (Eds.), Forest management in tribal areas: Forest policy and peoples participation (pp. 26-42). New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
|
[38]
|
McKean, M. A., & Ostrom, E. (1995). Common property regimes in the forest: just a relic from the past. Unasylva, 180, 3-15.
|
[39]
|
Miah, M. D., & Chowdhury, M. S. H. (2004). Traditional forest utilizetion practice by the Mro tribe in the Bandarban region, Bangladesh. Schweiz Z Forstwes, 155, 65-70. doi:10.3188/szf.2004.0065
|
[40]
|
Mjanger, G. (2008). The land is not ours: Alienation of land rights of the Jumma in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Masters Thesis, Hague: Institute of Social Studies.
|
[41]
|
Mohiuddin, M., & Alam, M. K. (2011). Opportunities of traditional knowledge in Natural resource management experience from Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 10, 474-480.
|
[42]
|
Muhammed, N., Koike, M., & Haque, F. (2008) Forest policy and sustainable forest management in Bangladesh: an analysis from national and international perspectives. New Forests, 36, 201-216.
doi:10.1007/s11056-008-9093-8
|
[43]
|
Nasreen, J., & Togawa, M. (2002). Politics of development: ‘PahariBengali’ discourse in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Journal of International Development and Cooperation, 9, 97-112.
|
[44]
|
Nath, T. K., & Inoue, M. (2008). The upland settlement project of Bangladesh as a means of reducing land degradation and improving rural livelihoods. Small-Scale Forestry, 7, 163-182.
doi:10.1007/s11842-008-9048-0
|
[45]
|
Nath, T. K., & Inoue, M. (2009). Forest based settlement project and its impact on community livelihood in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. International Forestry Review, 11, 394-407.
doi:10.1505/ifor.11.3.394
|
[46]
|
Nath, T. K., Inoue, M., & Chakma, S. (2005a). Shifting cultivation (jhum) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: Examining its sustainability, rural livelihood and policy implications. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 3, 130-142.
doi:10.1080/14735903.2005.9684751
|
[47]
|
Nath, T. K., Inoue, M., & Hla Myant, M. (2005b). Small-scale agroforestry for upland community development: a case study from Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Journal of Forest Research, 10, 443452. doi:10.1007/s10310-005-0171-x
|
[48]
|
Nath, T. K., Inoue, M., & Pretty, J. (2010). Formation and function of social capital for forest resource management and the improved live-lihoods of indigenous people in Bangladesh. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5, 104-122.
|
[49]
|
Nayak, P. K. (2002). Community-based Forest Management in India: the Issue of Tenurial Significance. The 9th Biennial Conference of the IASCP (International Association for the Study of Common Property), Victoria Falls, 17-21 June 2002.
|
[50]
|
Nishat, A., & Biswas, S. (2005). Community-based restoration of degraded tropical hill forests: Experiences from Krykhong Para, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Bulletin 16: 1-11. Jaipur/New Delhi: National Institute of Ecology.
|
[51]
|
Panigrahi, R. (2006). Democratization of Forest governance: Myths and realities. The Eleventh Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bali, 19-23 June 2006.
|
[52]
|
Rahman, M. A. (2005). Chittagong Hill Tracts peace accord in Bangladesh: Reconciling the issues of human rights, indigenous rights and environmental governance. Journal of Bangladesh Studies, 7, 46-58.
|
[53]
|
Rahman, S. A., Rahman, M. F., Codilan, A. L., & Farhana, K. M. (2007). Analysis of the economic benefits from systematic improvements to shifting cultivation and its evolution towards stable continuous agroforestry in the upland of Eastern Bangladesh. International Forestry Review, 9, 536-547.
|
[54]
|
Rahman, S. A., Rahman, M. F., & Sunderland, T. (2011). Causes and consequences of shifting cultivation and its alernative in the hill tracts of eastern Bangladesh. Agroforestry Systems, 84, 141-155.
doi:10.1007/s10457-011-9422-3
|
[55]
|
Rasul, G. (2005). State policies and land use in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. IIED Gatekeeper Series 119. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
|
[56]
|
Rasul, G. (2007). Political ecology of the degradation of forest commons in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Environmental Conservation, 34, 153-163. doi:10.1017/S0376892907003888
|
[57]
|
Rasul, G., & Karki, M. (2006). Political ecology of degradation of forest common in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. The Eleventh Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bali, 19-23 June 2006.
|
[58]
|
Rasul, G., & Thapa, G. B. (2003). Shifting cultivation in the mountains of south and southeast Asia: Regional patterns and factors influenceing the change. Land Degradation & Development, 14, 495-508.
doi:10.1002/ldr.570
|
[59]
|
Rasul, G., & Thapa, G. B. (2005). State policies, praxies and land-use in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. IIED Working Paper. London: International Institute for Environment and Development. URL http://hdl.handle.net/10535/6189
|
[60]
|
Rasul, G., & Thapa, G. B. (2006). Financial and economic suitability of agroforestry as an alternative to shifting cultivation: The case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Agricultural Systems, 91, 29-50.
doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2006.01.006
|
[61]
|
Rasul, G., Thapa, G. B., & Zoebisch, M. A. (2004). Determinants of land-use changes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Applied Geography, 24, 217-240. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2004.03.004
|
[62]
|
Roy, R. C. K. (2000). Land rights of the indigenous peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA).
|
[63]
|
Roy, R. D. (1998). Land rights: Land use and indigenous peoples in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. In P. Gain (Ed.), Bangladesh: Land, Forest and Forest People (pp. 53-118). Dhaka: Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD).
|
[64]
|
Roy, R. D. (2002). Land and forest rights in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. ICIMOD Talking Points 4/02. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.
|
[65]
|
Roy, R. D. (2004) Challenges for juridical pluralism and customary laws of indigenous peoples: The case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law, 21, 113-182.
|
[66]
|
Roy, R. D., & Halim, S. (2002). Valuing Village commons in forestry. Indigenous Perspectives, 5, 9-38.
|
[67]
|
Roy, R. D., Hossain, S., Guhathakurta, M. (2007). Access to justice for indigenous peoples in Bangladesh: Case study. Towards Inclusive Governance Promoting Participation of Disadvantaged Groups in Asia-Pacific. Bangkok: UNDP Regional Indigenous Peoples’ Programme (RIPP)/UNDP.
|
[68]
|
Ruiz-Pe′rez, M., Almeida, M., Dewi, S., Costa, E. M. L., Pantoja, M. C., Puntodewo, A., Postigo, A. A., & de Andrade, A. G. (2005). Conservation and development in Amazonian extractive reserves: The case of Alto Jurua. Ambio, 34, 218-223.
|
[69]
|
Saha, P. S. (2010). Parbattya Chattagramer Mouza Ban: Prachin Praggyar Arek Rup. In P. Gain (Ed.) Dharitri, 11th issue, an occasional SEHD magazine (Bangla). Dhaka: Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD). URL.
http://www.sehd.org/publications/magazines/dharitri
|
[70]
|
Stocks, A., McMahan, B., & Taber, P. (2007). Indigenous, colonist and government impacts on Nicaragua’s Bosawas Reserve. Conservation Biology, 21, 1495-1505.
|
[71]
|
Sunderlin, W. D., Hatcher, J., & Liddle, M. (2008). From exclusion to ownership? Challenges and opportunities in advancing forest tenure reform. Washington DC: Rights and Resources Initiative.
|
[72]
|
Talwar, D. M., & Ghate, R. (2003). Community-initiated forest management without land tenure: how feeble, how strong? A study of three villages from central India. The Conference on Politics of the Commons: Articulating Development and Strengthening Local Practices, Chiang Mai, 11-14 July 2003. URL.
http://hdl.handle.net/10535/243
|
[73]
|
Thapa, G. B., & Rasul, G. (2006). Implications of changing national policies on land use in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management, 81, 441-453.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.12.002
|
[74]
|
Tiwari, S. (2003). Chittagong Hill Tracts: A preliminary study on gender and natural resource management. Ottawa: IDRC. URL.
http://hdl.handle.net/10625/30490
|
[75]
|
Uddin, M. A. (2008). Displacement and destruction of ethnic people in Bangladesh. Canadian Social Science, 4, 16-24.
|
[76]
|
van Schendel, W., Mey, W., & Dewan, A. K. (2001). The Chittagong Hill Tracts: Living in a Boarderland. Dhaka: The University Press Ltd.
|
[77]
|
Vemuri, A. (2008). Joint Forest Management in India: An unavoidable and conflicting common property regime in natural resource management. Journal of Development and Social Transformation, 5, 81-90.
|
[78]
|
Wakiyama, T. (2004). Community forestry in Nepal: A comparison of management systems between indigenous forestry and modern community forestry. In: K. Harada and M. Nanang (Eds.), Policy Trend Report 2004 (pp. 1-20). Hayama: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES).
|
[79]
|
White, A., & Martin, A. (2002). Who owns the world’s forests? Forest tenure and public forests in transition. Washington DC: Forest Trends.
|
[80]
|
Zaman, S., Siddiquee, S. U., Faruq, M. A. A., Pramanik, M. R., Katoh, M. (2011). Reckoning Participatory Forest Management in Bangladesh: Study from Its Implementation Perspective. Journal of Agricultural Science, 3, 233-239.
|
[81]
|
|