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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Integration of expression profiles and endo-phenotypes in genetic association studies: A Bayesian approach to determine the path from gene to disease

  AUTHORS: Sharon M. Lutz, Sunita Sharma, John E. Hokanson, Scott Weiss, Benjamin Raby, Christoph Lange

  KEYWORDS: Expression Profiles; Endo-Phenotypes; Genetic Association Studies; Bayesian Hierarchal Model; Pathway; Mediation

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Genetics, Vol.3 No.3, August 28, 2013

  ABSTRACT: In genetic association studies of complex diseases, endo-phenotypes such as expression profiles, epigenetic data, or clinical intermediate-phenotypes provide insight to understand the underlying biological path of the disease. In such situations, in order to establish the path from the gene to the disease, we have to decide whether the gene acts on the disease phenotype primarily through a specific endo-phenotype or whether the gene influences the disease through an unidentified path which is characterized by different intermediate phenotypes. Here, we address the question that a genetic locus, given its effect on an endo-phenotype, influences the trait of interest primarily through the path of the endo-phenotype. We propose a Bayesian approach that can evaluate the genetic association between the genetic locus and the phenotype of interest in the presence of the genetic effect on the endo-phenotype. Using simulation studies, we verify that our approach has the desired properties and compare this approach with a mediation approach. The proposed Bayesian approach is illustrated by an application to genome-wide association study for childhood asthma (CAMP) that contains expression profiles.