K. J. Harrington and C. D. Arcy-Evans, “Transesterifica- tion in Situ of Sunflower Oil,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1985, 314-318. doi:10.1021/i300018a027

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Crystalline Manganese Carbonate a Green Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

  AUTHORS: Yerraguntla Rajeshwer Rao, Pudukulathan Kader Zubaidha, Jakku Narender Reddy, Dasharath Dattatraya Kondhare, Deshmukh Shivagi Sushma

  KEYWORDS: Biodiesel; Vegetable Oils; Manganese Carbonate; Green Catalyst; Transesterification

  JOURNAL NAME: Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Vol.2 No.1, February 17, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Crystalline manganese carbonate was found to be a versatile green, non corrosive and environmental friendly catalyst for transesterification of vegetable oils. Its use as catalyst in the transesterification process involving methanol and vegetable oils (palm, rapeseed, groundnut, coconut and caster oils) resulted in a conversion rate of 80% - 95% in the production of biodiesel. The chemical composition of the obtained biodiesel was studied by GC-MS analysis and showed the presence of linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids methyl esters to be the major compounds. Manganese carbonate in comparison with other solid catalysts was found to decrease the reaction time and temperature concomitant with an increase of biodiesel yield. Finally, the effect of various parameters including methanol quantity, catalyst amount, reaction time and temperatures on the production of biodiesel was investigated.