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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A Spiral History of the Development of Ways to Identify the Correct Position of the Injection Needle in Relation to the Peripheral Nerve: A Brief Historical Essay

  AUTHORS: Valery Piacherski, Lidziya Muzyka

  KEYWORDS: Regional Anesthesia, Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Ultrasound Guidance, Оptical Coherence Tomography, Local Anesthetic Pressure, Injection Pressure

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Anesthesiology, Vol.13 No.5, May 10, 2023

  ABSTRACT: The first way to identify the needle in relation to the peripheral nerve W. Halsted and R. Hall in 1884 performed the first regional blockade (using direct visualization). However, Vassily von Anrep was a few months earlier described the blockade of the peripheral nerve by anatomical landmarks. In 1912, the blockade of the brachial plexus was first performed using electrical stimulation, but this technique has been widely used only since 1962. The most popular way to identify the needle relative to the nerve at the moment remains US guidance. A promising direction may be optical coherence tomography. But this method is under development. In the last decade, a method for determining the pressure of a local anesthetic has been introduced into practice to determine the position of the needle relative to the nerve.