TITLE:
Incidence and Predictors of Peripheral Venous Catheter-Related Complications in Hospitals in Burkina Faso
AUTHORS:
Imbe Ignace Yaro, Mikaila Kaboré, Martin Lankoande, Farid Belem, Ismael Guibla, Ahmed Ouattara, Charles Ilboudo, Papougnézambo Bonkoungou, Kongnimissom Apoline Sondo, Raweleguinbasba Armel Flavien Kaboré, Nazinigouba Ouedraogo
KEYWORDS:
Peripheral Venous Catheter, Complications, Risk Factors, Emergencies
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Emergency Medicine,
Vol.9 No.4,
December
10,
2021
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most commonly used medical
devices in hospitals for the administration of medications. Their use can lead
to complications of varying severity. Objective: Determine the incidence
and factors associated with the occurrence of PVC-related complications. Methods: This was a two-month prospective observational study conducted in the Medical
Emergency Department (MED) of Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in
Ouagadougou. All patients admitted during the study period who had a PVC
inserted and removed were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis
was used to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of
complications. Results: In total, 459 PVCs were inserted and removed in
415 patients hospitalized at the Medical Emergency Department during the study
period. The placement of 37.7% (n = 173) of PVCs resulted in complications in
131 patients (31.6%). For 644.3 days of catheterization, the incidence density
was estimated at 6.5 complications per 1000 patient days. Phlebitis (24.0%),
infection (5.7%), and accidental removal (2.8%) were the most frequently
identified complications. The average age of the patients was 46.8 ± 18.9 years
with a sex ratio of 1.22. The average patient hospitalization duration was 2.5 ±
2.6 days. In multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with
the occurrence of complications after PVC insertion were patient’s state of
agitation during the procedure (aOR = 12.59; 95% CI = 4.12 - 38.49), placement
of the PVC at the elbow bend (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.86 - 5.52), multiple
attempts (aOR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.49 - 6.75), administration of 10% hypertonic
glucose solution (aOR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.62 - 8.33), and duration of
catheterization beyond 72 hours without being changed (aOR = 33.00; 95% CI =
14.19 - 76.75). Conclusion: The incidence of PVC-related complications
was relatively high. The identification of the factors that can lead to these
complications is relevant to the delivery of quality healthcare to patients.