TITLE:
An Assessment of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence in Maiduguri, Nigeria
AUTHORS:
David O. Edokpa, Vincent E. Weli
KEYWORDS:
Turbulence, Gradient Richardson Number, Maiduguri, Emissions
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Air Pollution,
Vol.6 No.2,
April
24,
2017
ABSTRACT: This study examined the
level of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer in Maiduguri,
north-eastern Nigeria. Five years (2011-2015) temperature and wind speed data
at 1000 mbar pressure level retrieved from Era-Interim Reanalysis Platform was
used. These data were gotten at 6-hourly synoptic hours: 0000H, 0600H, 1200H
and 1800H at 0.125° grid resolution. The gradient Richardson (Rig) number method was
utilised in analysing turbulence across three layers: 10 - 50 m (surface
layer); 50 - 100 m (mid layer) and 100 - 1300 m (upper layer). Findings shows
that the surface layer is always in a turbulent state as over 95% of Rig values were below Richardson
Critical (Ric) value of
0.25 with range 0.02 - 0.94. However, all values across the hours were below
the Richardson Termination (RT)
value of 1. Laminar conditions exist at the mid layer across the hours as 99.9%
of Rig values ranging 0.88
- 8.02 were greater than RT of 1. Rig values for the
upper layer were largely negative and ranged between -78.71 to -724.14. This indicates
robust turbulent conditions. Turbulence generated through forced and free
ascents prevailed at the surface layer and upper layer respectively. This shows
that wind shear is dominant at the surface while thermal buoyancy prevails at the
upper level. The months of February and September at 1200 and 1800 hours
respectively are the periods of maximum (about 134 m) and minimum (below 15 m)
heights were free convection destabilises forced convection in the study area.
Relating findings to emission dispersion suggests that air pollutants will be
transported across far and near distances at the upper layer and surface layers
respectively. This is due to the stable nature of the mid layer that will
limits vertical emission dispersion. Policy makers should ensure that potential
emission sources stacks are above 50 m to ensure pollutants are dispersed aloft
in the area.