TITLE:
Hypoglycemic and High Dosage Effects of Bidens pilosa in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus
AUTHORS:
Mulkah O. Ajagun-Ogunleye, Michael Tirwomwe, Ruth Nyaboke Mitaki, John Nnamdi Ejekwumadu, Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Julia Pantoglou, Elvis Ngala Mbiydzenyuy, Nancy Bonareri Mitaki
KEYWORDS:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Bidens pilosa and Diabetes, Ethno-Pharmaceutical Medicine in Uganda, Sub-Saharan Africa and Diabetes
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Diabetes Mellitus,
Vol.5 No.3,
July
10,
2015
ABSTRACT: Ethno-pharmaceutical products have received a lot of international
attention in the scientific community in the management of diabetes mellitus
(DM). In this study we determined the anti-diabetic and high dosage effects of Bidens pliosa in type 1 DM (T1DM). Methodology:
Thirty rats were divided into six groups and subgrouped into the extract and
non extract treatment groups. The extract treated group was subdivided into
three groups which received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/ kg and 800 mg/kg dosage
treatments respectively. The blood glucose levels were monitored using a
standard glucometer for one month, and biochemical analysis of the two liver
function enzymes; Alanine aminotransferase
(ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were carried out at the Institute
of Biomedical Research (IBR-KIU-WC) at the end of week IV. The study revealed
that Bidens pilosa maintained
hypoglycemia for a period of two weeks and this status was lost in subsequent
weeks. T1DM rats treated with a dosage of 200 mg/kg showed a better recovery
(355.25 - 164.5 mg/dl) of the glucose levels, followed by those that were being
treated at 400 mg/kg. The AST and ALT enzymes in blood varied with a mean ± SEM
(33.72 ± 32.32 to -7.23 ± 12.61 IU and
22.98 ± 11.12 to 42 ± 38.2 IU, respectively) in both the glibencimide? and in the 800 mg/ kg treatment groups in the study. High dosages of extract
were associated (P = 0.049) with increased systemic enzyme leakage. In
conclusion, tissue degeneration caused by high levels of the extract was accompanied by leakage of various
enzymes (AST and ALT) into the blood, which could be a major etiological
factor for the development of secondary systemic pathologies, thus potentially
worsening the effects of an existing T1DM prognosis in human patients. The
preliminary results indicate that a dose of Bidens
pilosa has an anti-diabetic effect for a limited initial duration before
starting to cause systemic toxicological effects. It is highly recommended that
further investigation into the cellular mechanisms and consequences of any
therapy involving Bidens pilosa be
carried out.