Helsinki Commission (2007) Background Information on Costs for the Revised Proposal from Sweden Concerning More Stringent Demands Regarding Discharges of Phosphorus from Waste Water Treatment Plants.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Problems in Water Environmental Control—Sense and Nonsense in Measurement of Water Protection

  AUTHORS: Stig Morling

  KEYWORDS: BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), Flow Control, Measurement, Nitrogen, Nitrification, Phosphorous, Sampling, Suspended Solids

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.6 No.15, November 19, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Water environmental control and process refinement inside a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is fundamentally based on sampling, analysis and on-line measurements on water and sludge streams. The problems related to an accurate and reliable control and thus an efficient water protection are addressed in the following. Four different crucial points whenever a sampling and control scheme is planned: 1) Where should a sampling and on-line measurement take place? 2) When should sampling take place? 3) How should the sampling and on-line measurement take place? 4) Which variables should be controlled? Examples are given from different plants demonstrating ways to address the questions. Especially the relevance of the adopted parameter BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) is discussed. It is finally suggested to even abandon the use of BOD as consent variable in favor of on-line measurement of Suspended Solids, Nitrogen and Phosphorous.