Leaf Anatomy of Prosthechea moojenii (Pabst) W. E. Higgins and P. silvana Cath. & V. P. Castro (Orchidaceae) as an Approach to Taxonomy of Species Occurring in Biomes Cerrado and Atlantic Forest of the Bahia

Filipe de Castro Seixas, Silvana Helena Nascimento Monteiro, Lazaro Benedito da Silva, Kelly Regina Batista Leite

Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botanica, Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Identifica??o de Madeiras, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil.
Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botanica, Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Identificao de Madeiras, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil.
Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Unidade de Botanica Sistemática, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.312214                

Abstract

Prosthechea is a neotropical genus, belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The Brazil recorded 32 species of the genus of which nine occur in the state of Bahia, including P. silvana and P. moojenii. The first, P. silvana is epiphytic, endemic Atlantic Forest areas of South and Southeast of the Bahia and morphologically similar to P. moojenii, rupicolous species considered endemic to the Chapada Diamantina. There are doubts whether these two species are really distinct, because they differ only as to the way of life and aspects related to the size of the inflorescence and floral structure. Thus the anatomical study of these two species, emerges as a tool that aims to investigate the delimitation of these taxa. For this study, the sheet was cut freehand with a razor blade to obtain cross sections and treated by chemical means to obtain paradermic sections, all the material was stained with safranine/Astra blue (safrablau) and safranin, respectively, and the sections were then mounted between a semipermanent and cover slipped slides. The results allowed to distinguish P. silvana of the P. moojenii through the following characteristics observed in the leaf (thickening of the cell walls of epidermal cells, amount and disposition of sclerenchyma fibers and fiber arrangement of vascular and vascular bundles in the mesophyll) and root (number of arcs of xylem and phloem, thickening of cells median cortex), infers taxonomic characters for the genus. The data indicated anatomical distinction between the two species studied here of the Prosthechea, however, suggest the anatomical analysis of other organs to reproductive and vegetative.

Keywords

Laeliinae; Flora of Bahia; Velamen; Endemism

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	V. C. Souza and H. Lorenzi, “Botanica Sistemática: Guia Ilustrado para Identifica??o das Famílias de Angiospermas da Flora Brasileira, Baseado em APG II,” Plantarum, Nova Odessa, 2005.
[2]	V. C. Oliveira and M. G. Sajo, “Morfoanatomia Caulinar de nove Espécies de Orchidaceae,” Acta Botanica Brasilica, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1999, pp. 177-188. doi:10.1590/S0102-33062001000200004
[3]	A. L. V. Toscano-De-Brito and P. Cribb, “Orquídeas da Chapada Diamantina,” Editora Nova Fronteira, S?o Paulo, 2005.
[4]	F. De Barros, F. Vinhos, V. T. Rodrigues, F. F. V. A. Barberena, C. N. Fraga and E. M. Pessoa, “Orchidaceae,” Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil, Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2012/FB012106
[5]	W. E. Higgins, “Prosthechea: A Chemical Discontinuity in Laeliinae,” Lankesteriana, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2003, pp. 39-41.
[6]	W. E. Higgins, “A Reconsideration of the Genus Prosthechea (Orchidaceae),” Phytologia, Vol. 82, No. 5, 1997, pp. 370-383.
[7]	K. Esau, “Anatomia das Plantas com Sementes,” E. Blucher, S?o Paulo, 1974.
[8]	B. Apezzato-Da-Glória and A. H. Hayashi, “Raiz,” In: B. Apezzato-Da-Glória and S. M. Carmello-Guerreiro, Eds., Anatomia Vegetal, Ed. UFV, Vicosa, 2006, pp. 267-281.
[9]	M. F. O. Pires, J. Semir, G. F. A. M. Pinna and L. P. Felix, “Taxonomic Separation of the Genera Prosthechea and Encyclia (Laeliinae: Orchidaceae) Using Leaf and Root Anatomical Features,” Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, Vol. 143, No. 3, 2003, pp. 293-303. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00195.x
[10]	D. A. Johansen, “Plant Microtechnique,” McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1940.
[11]	J. E. Kraus and M. Arduim, “Manual Básico de Métodos em Morfologia Vegetal,” EDUSP, S?o Paulo, 1997.
[12]	W. L. Stern and B. S. Carlsward, “Comparative Vegetative Anatomy and Systematics of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae),” Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 160, No. 1, 2009, pp. 21-41. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00818.x
[13]	K. R. B. Leite and V. L. Scatena, “Anatomia do Segmento Foliar de Espécies de Syagrus Mart. (Aracaceae) na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil,” Sitientibus: Série Ciências Biológicas, Vol.1, No. 1, 2001, pp. 2-14.
[14]	A. Fahn, “Plant Anatomy,” Pergamon Press, New York, Oxford, 1974.
[15]	N. L. Menezes and A. M. Giulietti, “Campos Rupestres— Paraíso Botanico na Serra do Cipó,” Ciência Hoje, Vol. 5, 1986, pp. 38-44.
[16]	P. B. Pita and N. L. Menezes, “Anatomia da Raiz de Espécies de Dyckia Schult. f. e Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f. (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae) da Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais, Brasil), com Especial Referência ao Velame,” Revista Brasileira de Botanica, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2002, pp. 25-34. doi:10.1590/S0100-84042002000100005
[17]	I. V. Silva and V. L. Scatena, “Anatomia de Raízes de Nove Espécies de Bromeliaceae (Poales) da Regi?o Amaz?nica do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil,” Acta Botanica Brasilica, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2011, pp. 618-627. doi:10.1590/S0102-33062011000300015
[18]	I. V. Silva, R. M. S. A. Meira and A. A. Azevedo, “Anatomia de Raízes de Espécies de Orchidaceae do Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais,” Hoehnea, Vo. 37, No. 1, 2010, pp. 147-161.
[19]	H. Yamasaki, Y. Sakihama and N. Ikehara, “Flavonoid-Peroxidase Reaction as Detoxification Mechanism of Plant Cell against H2O2,” Plant Physiology, Vol. 115, No. 4, 1997, pp. 1405-1412.