TITLE:
Effect of Neem Seed-Based Biopesticides and Hygienized Human Urine (HHU) on the Main Insect Pests of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] on Station and in Rural Environment of Niger
AUTHORS:
Laouali Amadou, Ousseina Abdoulaye, Ibrahim Boukari Baoua, Abdou Sani Souleymane, Mahaman Nassirou Oumarou, Roufai Yarifou, Laouali Ibrahim, Souleymane Lamine, Ali Maman Aminou, Ouorou Kobi Douro Kpindou
KEYWORDS:
Cowpeas, Hyginized Human Urine, Neem, Insect Pests, Niger
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.16 No.2,
February
11,
2025
ABSTRACT: Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks. This study was conducted at a station and in seven villages in the Maradi and Tahoua regions. It aimed to test the effectiveness of neem seed biopesticides [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] and sanitized human urine for integrated insect pest management. The cowpea variety UAM09 1055-6 was used for the experiments. The experimental trial was a Fisher block design consisting of five treatments: neem oil, neem seed extract (NSE), hygienized human urine (HHU), chemical pesticide, and a control, replicated five times at the station and twice in farmers’ environments. The study shows that Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Maruca vitrata Fabricius are the main insect pests. Plots treated with synthetic pesticides were the least infested by C. tomentosicollis. They were followed by neem seed extract and HHU treatments, which recorded an infestation level of 2.44 and 20.5 times lower than controls at the station and in farming environments. The density of thrips was 1.06 to 32.6 times lower in treated plots compared to controls. The proportion of pods damaged by M. vitrata was 1.95, 2.55, and 2.77 times lower in plots treated with HHU, NSE, and synthetic pesticide, respectively, compared to controls. Grain yields were 1.80 and 2.62 times higher in UHH and NSE treatments compared to control plots, both at the station and in farmers’ environments. A yield increase of 44.58% and 61.92% was noted for these treatments at the station and in farmers’ environments, respectively. These results may promote the dissemination of NSE and HHU biopesticide technologies in rural areas as an alternative method for integrated pest management of cowpeas.