TITLE:
Iodine Fortification Study of Some Common African Vegetables
AUTHORS:
Chigozie John Onyinye Anarado, Charity Ebere Anarado, Richard Ifeanyi Areh, Nonyelum Ifoh, Elijah Okechukwu Eze, Ebuka Ikeakor
KEYWORDS:
Iodine Deficiency Disease (IDD), Biofortification, Iodisation, Potassium Io-dide, Potassium Iodate: Murraya koenigii, Ocimum gratissimum, Cucurbita pepo, Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus hybridus, Abelmoschus esclentus, Corchorous olitorius, Solanum lycopersicum, Zingiber officinale, Telfairia occidentalis, Talinium triangulare, Solanum melongena
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment,
Vol.8 No.3,
August
22,
2019
ABSTRACT: Iodine
Deficiency Diseases (IDDs) occupy important positions in the health problems of
developing countries. Salt Iodisation has been the common approach to solving
these problems. However, apart from the problems of lack of compliance by salt
manufacturers, and inculturation of the consumers, health conditions aggravated
by high salt intake by humans have become increasingly relevant. These problems
can be eliminated if the commonly produced and consumed plants are fortified
with Iodine. The prospects are in the inclusion of Iodine-containing compounds
in the inorganic fertilizers used by farmers. In this study, Potassium Iodide
and Potassium Iodate were used as inoculants. Five different concentrations—0.1 M,
0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, and 0.5 M of Potassium Iodide and Potassium Iodate
solutions were used to inoculate the soils on which the following edible
African plants were planted: Murraya koenigii; Ocimum gratissimum; Cucurbita pepo; Solanum nigrum; Amaranthus hybridus and Abelmoschus esclentus, Corchorous olitoruis, Solanum lycopersicum, Zingiber officinale, Telfairia occidentalis, Talinium triangulare, Solanum melongena. Controls were also
planted. After 14 days, alkaline dry ash method was used to determine the
Iodine concentrations in the plants. The results showed that Murraya koenigii showed the highest absorption of Iodine 6.90 mg/kg at 0.3
M using KI, followed by Amaranthus hybridus 6.40 mg/kg at 0.1 M. Solanum nigrum, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale also showed good absorption. Other plants except Murraya koenigii, Ocimum gratissimum, Solanum nigrum and Zingiber officinale showed very low tolerance to KI
absorption. The result also showed that Telfairia occidentalis showed
the highest absorption of iodine 8.20 mg/kg at 0.2 M of KIO3 followed by Cucurbita pepo 6.40 mg/kg at also 0.2 M of KIO3. Murraya koenigii, Ocimum gratissimum, Solanum nigrum, Zingiber officinale also showed good absorption of KIO3. Some of the plants were not able to
tolerate the absorption at higher concentration for both KI and KIO3.
All the plants were poisoned at concentration of 0.5 M for both Ki and KIO3. Murraya koenigii, Ocimum gratissimum, Solanum nigrum, Zingiber officinale can be used in
iodine biofortification using KI and KIO3 at concentration The overall result may be very significant, when it is considered
that Iodine is a micronutrient, with a daily intake requirement of 100 - 150
μg/kg. It can be seen that there is hope in achieving this kind of
biofortification.