TITLE:
Macleaya cordata Extract Reduces Inflammatory Responses of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Vitro
AUTHORS:
Laura Soler, Rafael Hermes, Theo A. Niewold
KEYWORDS:
Enterocyte, IPEC-J2, Cell Culture, Inflammation, Growth Promotion
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.7 No.11,
August
3,
2016
ABSTRACT: Background: The EU ban on antimicrobial growth promoters
(AGP) has initiated a search for non-antibiotic alternatives. It has been
demonstrated that certain antibiotics and non-antibiotic alternatives enhance
growth by inhibiting inflammatory cells, i.e. neutrophils and macrophages in the intestine. There is very little information
on the effect of anti-inflammatory compounds on intestinal epithelial cells,
which are known to play an important role in intestinal inflammatory responses.
In order to establish this, a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC J2)
was incubated with an adherent enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) to stimulate inflammation, using a non-pathogenic
non-adherent E. coli (EC) as a
control. The influence of the presence of the anti-inflammatory compounds Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) and
acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on inflammatory transcriptional responses was
studied. Results: ETEC induced a strong
inflammatory response as was most evident from the expression of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α, whereas EC induced IL-1β only. Co-incubation with MCE
and ASA significantly reduced the responses of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, similarly
for IL-1β and TNF-α, but ASA was more effective
than MCE in reducing the IL8 response. Conclusions:
The present results suggest that the in
vivo anti-inflammatory growth promoting effects of AGP and effective
alternatives to AGP such as MCE and ASA are not restricted to inflammatory cells
and also involve the more abundant enterocytes. This suggests a major role for
epithelial cells in growth promotion livestock, and it further supports the
notion that effective alternatives to AGP should have anti-inflammatory
activity.