TITLE:
Ocular Manifestations among HIV Infected Children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
AUTHORS:
Caroline Yonaba, Angèle Kalmogho, Kongnimissom Apoline Sondo, Madi Nacoulma, Kigocha Okengo, Flore Ouédraogo, Chantal Zoungrana, Aissata Kabore, Fla Koueta, Ludovic Kam
KEYWORDS:
Paediatric HIV, Ocular Manifestations, Ouagadougou
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Pediatrics,
Vol.6 No.2,
June
14,
2016
ABSTRACT: Ocular manifestations among HIV infected children are diverse and global
incidence varies from 7% to 75%. At this age, eye lesions are often unnoticed because
of the incapacity to express eye discomfort. The purpose of this study is to
describe ocular manifestations among HIV-infected children and hence associated
factors in the Department of Paediatrics at the Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching
Hospital. This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted
between July 2014 and December 2014. A complete ophthalmic examination was
systematically done to all HIV-positive children attending the clinic, as part
of their routine medical visit. The most recent socio-demographic, clinical,
biological and treatment data were registered. Seventy-nine children had an
ocular examination and among them 92.4% were on ARV treatment. The incidence of
ocular manifestations was 46.7%. Median age was 8 years old (interquartile 6 -
12 years old). Sex ratio was 1.3. The risk of ocular manifestations involvement
among boys was twice than that of girls. More than half (59.5%) of children who
had ocular problems had not expressed ocular discomfort. Ocular adnexal lesions
were more common (35.4%) compared to eye segments (8.9%) lesions. Anterior
segment and posterior segment lesions were statistically associated with immune
system depression (p = 0.003 and 0.001). However, this relationship was not
statistically significant (p = 0.15). Five out of seven children who had eye
fundus lesions had CD4 count 3. Ocular
manifestations were very common among HIV infected children in our context.
Ophthalmic examination should be systematic at admission and regularly repeated
during follow-up.