Ionizing radiation is a double-edged sword; accidental exposure to ionizing radiation can pose a serious threat to human health and life. Ionizing radiation is a fundamental attribute of many processes including tumor therapy, surgeries and medical examinations, industrial production processes, methods in the mining industry, nuclear power, space travel, various military uses, and even nuclear terrorism. The nuclear disasters of Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi and incidents of lost radioactive materials in China should serve as a warning that ionizing radiation continues to present societal dangers. Occupational and accidental exposure to ionizing radiation can have detrimental effects on the human body. Biological dosimeters are both simple and high throughput and offer rapid detection; therefore, they are in urgent demand to facilitate the rapid and accurate diagnosis of damage due to ionizing radiation.

In the present book, eleven typical literatures about Radiation Medicine and Protection published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on Research progress on biodosimeters, Survival and effective prognostic factors, General principles, COVID-19 and low-dose radiation therapy, Nuclear DNA damages, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in Radiation Medicine and Protection as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.