[1]
|
IDF (2011) Diabetes Atlas. 15th Edition, International Diabetes Federation (IDF). www.diabetesatlas.org
|
[2]
|
Steppan, C.M., Bailey, S.T., Bhat, S., Brown, E.J., Banerjee, R.R., Wright, C.M., Patel, H.R., Ahima, R.S. and Lazar, M.A. (2001) The Hormone Resistin Links Obesity to Diabetes. Nature, 409, 307-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35053000
|
[3]
|
Goldstein, B.J. (2002) Insulin Resistance as the Core Defect in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The American Journal of Cardiology, 90, 3G-10G. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02553-5
|
[4]
|
Lempiainen, P., Mykkanen, L., Pyorala, K., Laakso, M. and Kuusisto, J. (1999) Insulin Resistance Syndrome Predicts Coronary Heart Disease Events in Elderly Nondiabetic Men. Circulation, 100, 123-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.100.2.123
|
[5]
|
Mlinar, B., Marc, J., Janez, A. and Pfeifer, M. (2007) Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance and Associated Diseases. Clinica Chimica Acta, 375, 20-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2006.07.005
|
[6]
|
Ingelsson, E., Arnlov, J., Lind, L. and Sundstrom, J. (2006) Metabolic Syndrome and Risk for Heart Failure in Middle-Aged Men. Heart, 92, 1409-1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2006.089011
|
[7]
|
Lakka, H.M., Laaksonen, D.E., Lakka, T.A., Niskanen, L.K., Kumpusalo, E., et al. (2002) The Metabolic Syndrome and Total and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Middle-Aged Men. JAMA, 288, 2709-2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.21.2709
|
[8]
|
Kahn, S.E., Hull, R.L. and Utzschneider, K.M. (2006) Mechanisms Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Nature, 444, 840-846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05482
|
[9]
|
Weiss, R., Dziura, J., Burgert, T.S., et al. (2004) Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. The New England Journal of Medicine, 350, 2362-2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa031049
|
[10]
|
Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., Funahashi, T., Matsuzawa, Y. and Walsh, K. (2003) Obesity, Adiponectin and Vascular Inflammatory Disease. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 14, 561-566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-200312000-00003
|
[11]
|
Koerner, A., Kratzsch, J. and Kiess, W. (2005) Adipocytokines: Leptin—The Classical, Resistin—The Controversical, Adiponectin—The Promising, and More to Come. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 19, 525-546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2005.07.008
|
[12]
|
Tilg, H. and Moschen, A.R. (2006) Adipocytokines: Mediators Linking Adipose Tissue, Inflammation and Immunity. Nature Reviews Immunology, 6, 772-783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1937
|
[13]
|
Matsuzawa, Y. (2005) Adipocytokines and Metabolic Syndrome. Seminars in Vascular Medicine, 5, 34-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-871744
|
[14]
|
Rabin, K.R., Kamari, Y., Avni, I., Grossman, E. and Sharabi, Y. (2005) Adiponectin: Linking the Metabolic Syndrome to Its Cardiovascular Consequences. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 3, 465-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14779072.3.3.465
|
[15]
|
Guzik, T.J., Korbut, R. and Adamek-Guzik, T. (2003) Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Inflammation and Immune Regulation. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 54, 469-487.
|
[16]
|
Klaus, S. (2004) Adipose Tissue as a Regulator of Energy Balance. Current Drug Targets, 5, 241-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450043490523
|
[17]
|
Matsuzawa, Y. (2010) Adiponectin: A Key Player in Obesity Relate Disorders. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 16, 1896-1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791208893
|
[18]
|
Falcao-Pires, I., Castro-Chaves, P., Miranda-Silva, D., Lourenco, A.P. and Leite-Moreira, A.F. (2012) Physiological, Pathological and Potential Therapeutic Roles of Adipokines. Drug Discovery Today, 17, 880-889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2012.04.007
|
[19]
|
Pelleymounter, M.A., Cullen, M.J., Baker, M.B., Hecht, R., Winters, D., Boone, T., et al. (1995) Effects of the Obese Gene Product on Body Weight Regulation in ob/ob Mice. Science, 269, 540-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7624776
|
[20]
|
Lee, G.H., Proenca, R., Montez, J.M., Carroll, K.M., Darvishzadeh, J.G., Lee, J.I., et al. (1996) Abnormal Splicing of the Leptin Receptor in Diabetic Mice. Nature, 379, 632-635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/379632a0
|
[21]
|
Saladin, R., De Vos, P., Guerre-Millo, M., Leturque, A., Girard, J., Staels, B., et al. (1995) Transient Increase in Obese Gene Expression after Food Intake or Insulin Administration. Nature, 377, 527-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377527a0
|
[22]
|
Geffroy, S., De Vos, P., Staels, B., Duban, B., Auwerx, J. and de Martinville, B. (1995) Localization of the Human OB Gene (OBS) to Chromosome 7q32 by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. Genomics, 28, 603-604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1995.1201
|
[23]
|
Brzozowski, T., Konturek, P.C., Konturek, S.J., Brzozowska, I. and Pawlik, T. (2005) Role of Prostaglandins in Gastroprotection and Gastric Adaptation. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 56, 33-55.
|
[24]
|
Nawrot-Porabka, K., Jaworek, J., Leja-Szpak, A., Palonek, M., Szklarczyk, J., Konturek, S.J., et al. (2004) Leptin Is Able to Stimulate Pancreatic Enzyme Secretion via Activation of Duodeno-Pancreatic Reflex and CCK Release. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 55, 47-57.
|
[25]
|
Konturek, P.C., Brzozowski, T., Burnat, G., Kwiecien, S., Pawlik, T., Hahn, E.G., et al. (2004) Role of Brain-Gut Axis in Healing of Gastric Ulcers. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 55, 179-192.
|
[26]
|
Konturek, S.J., Konturek, J.W., Pawlik, T. and Brzozowski, T. (2004) Brain-Gut Axis and Its Role in the Control of Food Intake. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 55, 137-154.
|
[27]
|
Konturek, S.J., Pepera, J., Zabielski, K., Konturek, P.C., Pawlik, T., Szlachcic, A., et al. (2003) Brain-Gut Axis in Pancreatic Secretion and Appetite Control. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 54, 293-317.
|
[28]
|
Farooqi, I.S., Matarese, G., Lord, G.M., Keogh, J.M., Lawrence, E., Agwu, C., et al. (2002) Beneficial Effects of Leptin on Obesity, T Cell Hyporesponsiveness, and Neuroendocrine/Metabolic Dysfunction of Human Congenital Leptin Deficiency. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 110, 1093-1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI0215693
|
[29]
|
Montague, C.T., Farooqi, I.S., Whitehead, J.P., Soos, M.A., Rau, H., Wareham, N.J., et al. (1997) Congenital Leptin Deficiency Is Associated with Severe Early-Onset Obesity in Humans. Nature, 387, 903-908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/43185
|
[30]
|
Zoladz, J.A., Konturek, S.J., Duda, K., Majerczak, J., Sliwowski, Z., Grandys, M., et al. (2005) Effect of Moderate Incremental Exercise, Performed in Fed and Fasted State on Cardio-Respiratory Variables and Leptin and Ghrelin Concentrations in Young Healthy Men. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 56, 63-85.
|
[31]
|
Considine, R.V., Sinha, M.K., Heiman, M.L., Kriauciunas, A., Stephens, T.W., Nyce, M.R., et al. (1996) Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans. New England Journal of Medicine, 334, 292-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199602013340503
|
[32]
|
Kim, S., Whelan, J., Claycombe, K., Reath, D.B. and Moustaid-Moussa, N. (2002) Angiotensin II Increases Leptin Secretion by 3T3-L1 and Human Adipocytes via a Prostaglandin-Independent Mechanism. Journal of Nutrition, 132, 1135-1140.
|
[33]
|
Ran, J., Hirano, T., Fukui, T., Kageyama, H., Okada, K. and Adachi, M. (2006) Angiotensin II Infusion Decreases Plasma Adiponectin Level via Its Type 1 Receptor in Rats: An Implication for Hypertension-Related Insulin Resistance. Metabolism, 55, 478-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2005.10.009
|
[34]
|
Kaminski, T., Smolinska, N., Gajewska, A., Siawrys, G., Okrasa, S., Kochman, K., et al. (2006) Leptin and Long Form of Leptin Receptor Genes Expression in the Hypothalamus and Pituitary during the Luteal Phase and Early Pregnancy in Pigs. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57, 95-108.
|
[35]
|
Beltowski, J., Marciniak, A. and Wojcicka, G. (2004) Leptin Decreases Renal Medullary Na(+), K(+)-ATPase Activity through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Dependent Mechanism. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57, 391-407.
|
[36]
|
Jaworek, J., Bonior, J., Konturek, S.J., Bilski, J., Szlachcic, A. and Pawlik, W.W. (2003) Role of Leptin in the Control of Postprandial Pancreatic Enzyme Secretion. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57, 591-602.
|
[37]
|
Stallmeyer, B., Pfeilschifter, J. and Frank, S. (2001) Systemically and Topically Supplemented Leptin Fails to Reconstitute a Normal Angiogenic Response during Skin Repair in Diabetic ob/ob mice. Diabetologia, 44, 471-479. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1007/S001250051645
|
[38]
|
Kougias, P., Chai, H., Lin, P.H., Yao, Q., Lumsden, A.B. and Chen, C. (2005) Effects of Adipocyte-Derived Cytokines on Endothelial Functions: Implication of Vascular Disease. Journal of Surgical Research, 126, 121-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2004.12.023
|
[39]
|
Schwartz, M.W., Woods, S.C., Porte Jr., D., Seeley, R.J. and Baskin, D.G. (2000) Central Nervous System Control of Food Intake. Nature, 404, 661-671.
|
[40]
|
Friedman, J.M. and Halaas, J.L. (1998) Leptin and the Regulation of Body Weight in Mammals. Nature, 395, 763-770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/27376
|
[41]
|
Kaur, T. and Zhang, Z.F. (2005) Obesity, Breast Cancer and the Role of Adipocytokines. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 6, 547-552.
|
[42]
|
Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Yamauchi, T., Kubota, T., Moroi, M., Matsui, J., et al. (2002) Disruption of Adiponectin Causes Insulin Resistance and Neointimal Formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 25863-25866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C200251200
|
[43]
|
Xu, A., Yin, S., Wong, L., Chan, K.W. and Lam, K.S. (2004) Adiponectin Ameliorates Dyslipidemia Induced by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir in Mice. Endocrinology, 145, 487-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-1140
|
[44]
|
Yoon, M.J., Lee, G.Y., Chung, J.J., Ahn, Y.H., Hong, S.H. and Kim, J.B. (2006) Adiponectin Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle Cells by Sequential Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha. Diabetes, 55, 2562-2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db05-1322
|
[45]
|
Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Ito, Y., Tsuchida, A., Yokomizo, T., Kita, S., et al. (2003) Cloning of Adiponectin Receptors That Mediate Antidiabetic Metabolic Effects. Nature, 423, 762-769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01705
|
[46]
|
Qi, Y., Takahashi, N., Hileman, S.M., Patel, H.R., Berg, A.H., Pajvani, U.B., Scherer, P.E. and Ahima, R.S. (2004) Adiponectin Acts in the Brain to Decrease Body Weight. Nature Medicine, 10, 524-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1029
|
[47]
|
Neumeier, M., Weigert, J., Schaffler, A., Wehrwein, G., Müller-Ladner, U., Scholmerich, J., et al. (2006) Different Effects of Adiponectin Isoforms in Human Monocytic Cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 79, 803-808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0905521
|
[48]
|
Wasim, H., Al-Daghri, N.M., Chetty, R., McTernan, P.G., Barnett, A.H. and Kumar, S. (2006) Relationship of Serum Adiponectin and Resistin to Glucose Intolerance and Fat Topography in South-Asians. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 5, 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-5-10
|
[49]
|
Fain, J.N. (2006) Release of Interleukins and Other Inflammatory Cytokines by Human Adipose Tissue Is Enhanced in Obesity and Primarily Due to the Nonfat Cells. Vitamins & Hormones, 74, 443-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0083-6729(06)74018-3
|
[50]
|
Bastard, J.P., Maachi, M., Lagathu, C., Kim, M.J., Caron, M., Vidal, H., et al. (2006) Recent Advances in the Relationship between Obesity, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. European Cytokine Network, 17, 4-12.
|
[51]
|
Fukuhara, A., Matsuda, M., Nishizawa, M., Segawa, K., Tanaka, M., Kishimoto, K., et al. (2005) Visfatin: A Protein Secreted by Visceral Fat That Mimics the Effects of Insulin. Science, 307, 426-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1097243
|
[52]
|
Beltowski, J. (2006) Apelin and Visfatin: Unique “Beneficial” Adipokines Upregulated in Obesity? Medical Science Monitor, 12, RA112-RA119.
|
[53]
|
Haider, D.G., Schaller, G., Kapiotis, S., Maier, C., Luger, A. and Wolzt, M. (2006) The Release of the Adipocytokine Visfatin Is Regulated by Glucose and Insulin. Diabetologia, 49, 1909-1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0303-7
|
[54]
|
Revollo, J.R., Korner, A., Mills, K.F., Satoh, A., Wang, T., Garten, A., et al. (2007) Nampt/PBEF/Visfatin Regulates Insulin Secretion in Beta Cells as a Systemic NAD Biosynthetic Enzyme. Cell Metabolism, 6, 363-375.
|
[55]
|
Brown, J.E., Onyango, D.J., Ramanjaneya, M., Conner, A.C., Patel, S.T., Dunmore, S.J., et al. (2010) Visfatin Regulates Insulin Secretion, Insulin Receptor Signalling and mRNA Expression of Diabetes-Related Genes in Mouse Pancreatic Beta-Cells. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 44, 171-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/JME-09-0071
|
[56]
|
Lan, J., Chen, X., Wang, S., Wanga, S., Zhang, X., Wu, K., et al. (2011) The Relationship between Visfatin and HOMA-IR in Hypertensive Patients, and the Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on Visfatin and HOMA-IR in Hypertensive Patients with Insulin Resistance. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 94, 71-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2011.05.039
|
[57]
|
Straburzynska-Lupa, A., Nowak, A., Pilaczynska-Szczesniak, L., Straburzyńska-Migaj, E., Romanowski, W., Karolkiewicz, J., et al. (2010) Visfatin, Resistin, hsCRP and Insulin Resistance in Relation to Abdominal Obesity in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 28, 19-24.
|
[58]
|
Tatemoto, K., Takayama, K., Zou, M.X., Kumaki, I., Zhang, W., et al. (2001) The Novel Peptide Apelin Lowers Blood Pressure via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanism. Regulatory Peptides, 99, 87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-0115(01)00236-1
|
[59]
|
Boucher, J., Masri, B., Daviaud, D., Gesta, S., Guigne, C., et al. (2005) Apelin, a Newly Identified Adipokine Up-Regulated by Insulin and Obesity. Endocrinology, 146, 1764-1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-1427
|
[60]
|
El Messari, S., Iturrioz, X., Fassot, C., De Mota, N., Roesch, D., et al. (2004) Functional Dissociation of Apelin Receptor Signaling and Endocytosis: Implications for the Effects of Apelin on Arterial Blood Pressure. Journal of Neurochemistry, 90, 1290-1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02591.x
|
[61]
|
Tatemoto, K., Hosoya, M., Habata, Y., Fujii, R., Kakegawa, T., et al. (1998) Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Endogenous Peptide Ligand for the Human APJ Receptor. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 251, 471-476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.9489
|
[62]
|
Castan-Laurell, I., Dray, C., Knauf, C., Kunduzova, O. and Valet, P. (2012) Apelin, a Promising Target for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment? Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 23, 234-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2012.02.005
|
[63]
|
Attané, C., Foussal, C., Le Gonidec, S., Benani, A., Daviaud, D., Wanecq, E., et al. (2012) Apelin Treatment Increases Complete Fatty Acid Oxidation, Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity, and Biogenesis in Muscle of Insulin-Resistant Mice. Diabetes, 61, 310-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db11-0100
|
[64]
|
Yue, P., Jin, H., Xu, S., Aillaud, M., Deng, A.C., et al. (2011) Apelin Decreases Lipolysis via Gq, Gi, and AMPK-Dependent Mechanisms. Endocrinology, 152, 59-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0576
|
[65]
|
Attané, C., Daviaud, D., Dray, C., Dusaulcy, R., Masseboeuf, M., Prévot, D., et al. (2011) Apelin Stimulates Glucose Uptake but Not Lipolysis in Human Adipose Tissue ex Vivo. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 46, 21-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/JME-10-0105
|
[66]
|
Guo, L., Li, Q., Wang, W., Yu, P., Pan, H., Li, P., et al. (2009) Apelin Inhibits Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Beta-Cells by Activation of PI3-Kinase-Phosphodiesterase 3B. Endocrine Research, 34, 142-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07435800903287079
|
[67]
|
Soriguer, F., Garrido-Sanchez, L., Garcia-Serrano, S., Garcia-Almeida, J.M., Garcia-Arnes, J., et al. (2009) Apelin Levels Are Increased in Morbidly Obese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Obesity Surgery, 19, 1574-1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-009-9955-y
|
[68]
|
Dray, C., Debard, C., Jager, J., Disse, E., Daviaud, D., Martin, P., et al. (2010) Apelin and APJ Regulation in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle of Type 2 Diabetic Mice and Humans. American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 298, E1161-E1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00598.2009
|
[69]
|
Erdem, G., Dogru, T., Tasci, I., Sonmez, A. and Tapan, S. (2008) Low Plasma Apelin Levels in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 116, 289-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1004564
|
[70]
|
Zhang, Y., Shen, C., Li, X., Ren, G., Fan, X., Ren, F., et al. (2009) Low Plasma Apelin in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese People. Diabetes Care, 32, e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc09-1146
|
[71]
|
Meral, C., Tascilar, E., Karademir, F., Tanju, I.A., Cekmez, F., Metin, O., et al. (2010) Elevated Plasma Levels of Apelin in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 23, 497-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem.2010.081
|
[72]
|
Telejko, B., Kuzmicki, M., Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek, N., Szamatowicz, J., Nikolajuk, A., Zonenberg, A., et al. (2010) Plasma Apelin Levels and Apelin/APJ mRNA Expression in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 87, 176-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.018
|
[73]
|
Kouyama, K., Miyake, K., Zenibayashi, M., Hirota, Y., Teranishi, T., Tamori, Y., et al. (2007) Association of Serum MCP-1 Concentration and MCP-1 Polymorphism with Insulin Resistance in Japanese Individuals with Obese Type 2 Diabetes. Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences, 53, 345-354.
|
[74]
|
Suzuki, T., Imai, J., Yamada, T., Ishigaki, Y., Kaneko, K., Uno, K., et al. (2011) Interleukin-6 Enhances Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic Beta-Cells: Potential Involvement of the PLC-IP3-Dependent Pathway. Diabetes, 60, 537-547.
|
[75]
|
Besedovsky, H.O. and Del Rey, A. (2010) Interleukin-1 Resets Glucose Homeostasis at Central and Peripheral Levels: Relevance for Immunoregulation. Neuroimmunomodulation, 17, 139-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000258707
|
[76]
|
Enomoto, T., Ohashi, K., Shibata, R., Higuchi, A., Maruyama, S., Izumiya, Y., et al. (2011) Adipolin/C1qdc2/CTRP12 Protein Functions as an Adipokine That Improves Glucose Metabolism. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286, 34552-34558.
|
[77]
|
Choi, J.H., Rhee, E.J., Kim, K.H., Woo, H.Y., Lee, W.Y. and Sung, K.C. (2011) Plasma Omentin-1 Levels Are Reduced in Non-Obese Women with Normal Glucose Tolerance and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. European Journal of Endocrinology, 165, 789-796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0375
|
[78]
|
Lamers, D., Famulla, S., Wronkowitz, N., Hartwig, S., Lehr, S., Ouwens, D.M., et al. (2011) Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Is a Novel Adipokine Potentially Linking Obesity to the Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes, 60, 1917-1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db10-1707
|
[79]
|
El-Hazmi, M.A.F., Warsy, A.S., Al-Swailem, A.R., Al-Swailem, A.M. and Sulaimani, R. (1998) Diabetes Mellitus as a Health Problem in Saudi Arabia. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 4, 58-67.
|
[80]
|
Al-Nozha, M.M., Al-Maatouq, M.A., Al-Mazrou, Y.Y., Al-Harthi, S.S., Arafah, M.R., Khalil, M.Z., Khan, N.B., Al-Khadra, A., Al-Marzouki, K., Nouh, M.S., Abdullah, M., Attas, O., Al-Shahid, M.S. and Al-Mobeireek, A. (2009) Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 25, 1603-1610. King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. http://www.kfupm.edu.sa
|
[81]
|
Gokalp, D., Bahceci, M., Ozmen, S., Arikan, S., Tuzcu, A. and Danis, R. (2008) Adipocyte Volumes and Levels of Adipokines in Diabetes and Obesity. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2, 253-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2008.07.001
|
[82]
|
Gualillo, O., González-Juanatey, J.R. and Lago, F. (2007) The Emerging Role of Adipokines as Mediators of Cardiovascular Function: Physiologic and Clinical Perspectives. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 17, 275-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2007.09.005
|
[83]
|
Esteghamati, A., Alamdari, A., Zandieh, A., Elahi, S., Khalilzadeh, O., Nakhjavani, M. and Meysamie, A. (2011) Serum Visfatin Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Melitus Independent of Insulin Resistance and Obesity. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 91, 154-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2010.11.003
|
[84]
|
Alghasham, A.A. and Barakat, Y.A. (2008) Serum Visfatin and Its Relation to Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Macroangiopathy. Saudi Medical Journal, 29, 185-192.
|
[85]
|
Chang, Y.H., Chang, D.M., Lin, K.C., Shin, S.J. and Lee, Y.J. (2011) Visfatin in Overweight/Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis and Systemic Review. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 27, 515-527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.1201
|
[86]
|
El-Mesallamy, H.O., Kassem, D.H., El-Demerdash, E. and Amin, A.I. (2011) Vaspin and Visfatin/Nampt Are Interesting Interrelated Adipokines Playing a Role in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolism, 60, 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2010.04.008
|
[87]
|
Sandeep, S., Velmurugan, K., Deepa, R. and Mohan, V. (2007) Serum Visfatin in Relation to Visceral Fat, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Asian Indians. Metabolism, 56, 565-570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2006.12.005
|
[88]
|
Shaker, O., El-Shehaby, A., Zakaria, A., Mostafa, N., Talaat, S., Katsiki, N. and Mikhailidis, D.P. (2011) Plasma Visfatin and Retinol Binding Protein-4 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Relationship to Adiposity and Fatty Liver. Clinical Biochemistry, 44, 1457-1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1148
|
[89]
|
Meshkani, R. and Adeli, K. (2009) Hepatic Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. Clinical Biochemistry, 42, 1331-1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.05.018
|
[90]
|
Zhu, J., Schott, M., Liu, R., Liu, C., Shen, B., Wang, Q., Mao, X., Xu, K., Wu, X., Schinner, S., Papewalis, C., Scherbaum, W.A. and Liu, C. (2008) Intensive Glycemic Control Lowers Plasma Visfatin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 40, 801-805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1082040
|
[91]
|
Bloomgarden, Z.T. (2002) New Insights in Obesity. Diabetes Care, 25, 789-795. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.4.789
|
[92]
|
Chen, M.P., Chung, F.M., Chang, D.M., Tsai, J.C.R., Huang, H.F., Shin, S.J., et al. (2006) Elevated Plasma Level of Visfatin/Pre-B Cell Colony-Enhancing Factor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91, 295-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1475
|
[93]
|
Miao-Pei, C., et al. (2006) Elevated Plasma Level of Visfatin/Pre-B Cell Colony Enhancing Factor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91, 295-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1475
|
[94]
|
Kaminska, A., Kopczyńska, E., Bronisz, A., Zmudzińska, M., Bieliński, M., Borkowska, A., et al. (2010) An Evaluation of Visfatin Levels in Obese Subjects. Endokrynologia Polska, 61, 169-173.
|
[95]
|
Tasci, I., Erdem, G., Ozgur, G., Tapan, S., Dogru, T., Genc, H., et al. (2009) LDL-Cholesterol Lowering Increases Plasma Apelin in Isolated Hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis, 204, 222-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.030
|
[96]
|
Li, L., Yang, G., Li, Q., Tang, Y., Yang, M., Yang, H., et al. (2006) Changes and Relations of Circulating Visfatin, Apelin, and Resistin Levels in Normal, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 114, 544-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-948309
|
[97]
|
Dray, C., Knauf, C., Daviaud, D., Waget, A., Boucher, J., et al. (2008) Apelin Stimulates Glucose Utilization in Normal and Obese Insulin-Resistant Mice. Cell Metabolism, 8, 437-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.10.003
|
[98]
|
Horiuchi, Y., Fujii, T., Kamimura, Y. and Kawashima, K. (2003) The Endogenous, Immunologically Active Peptide Apelin Inhibits Lymphocytic Cholinergic Activity during Immunological Responses. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 144, 46-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.08.029
|
[99]
|
Ranjana, S., Fisch, G., Teague, B., Tamborlane, W.V., Banyas, B., Allen, K., et al. (2002) Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance among Children and Adolescents with Marked Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 802-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012578
|
[100]
|
Lu, H.L., Wang, H.W., Wen, Y., Zhang, M.X. and Lin, H.H. (2006) Roles of Adipocyte Derived Hormone Adiponectin and Resistin in Insulin Resistance of Type 2 Diabetes. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 12, 1747-1751.
|
[101]
|
Mojiminiyi, O.A. and Abdella, N.A. (2007) Associations of Resistin with Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 67, 215-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365510601032532
|
[102]
|
Kusminski, C.M., McTernan, P.G. and Kumar, S. (2005) Role of Resistin in Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Type II Diabetes. Clinical Science, 109, 243-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20050078
|
[103]
|
Ouchi, N., Parker, J.L., Lugus, J.J. and Walsh, K. (2011) Adipokines in Inflammation and Metabolic Disease. Nature Reviews Immunology, 11, 85-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2921
|
[104]
|
Sahu, A. (2011) Intracellular Leptin-Signaling Pathways in Hypothalamic Neurons: The Emerging Role of Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase-Phosphodesterase-3 B-Camp Pathway. Neuroendocrinology, 93, 201-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000326785
|
[105]
|
Mataresse, G., La Cava, A., Sanna, V., Howard, J.K., Lord, G.M., Carravetta, C., Fontana, S., Lechler, R.I., Bloom, S.R. and De Placido, G. (2000) Increased Leptin Levels in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Pelvic Endometriosis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85, 2483-2487.
|
[106]
|
Matarese, G., Sanna, V., Lechler, R.I., Sarvetnick, N., Fontana, S., Zappacosta, S., et al. (2002) Leptin Accelerates Autoimmune Diabetes in Female NOD Mice. Diabetes, 51, 1356-1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.5.1356
|
[107]
|
Reilly, M.P., Iqbal, N., Schutta, M., Wolfe, M.L., Scally, M., Localio, A.R., Rader, D.J. and Kimmel, S.E. (2004) Plasma Leptin Levels Are Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89, 3872-3878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031676
|
[108]
|
Kamińska, A., Kopczyńska, E., Bronisz, A., Zmudzińska, M., Bieliński, M., Borkows, A., et al. (2010) An Evaluation of Visfatin Levels in Obese Subjects. Endokrynologia Polska, 61, 169-173.
|
[109]
|
Wannamethee, S.G., Tchernova, J., Whincup, P., Lowe, G.D., Kelly, A., Rumley, A., Wallace, A.M. and Sattar, N. (2007) Plasma Leptin: Associations with Metabolic, Inflammatory and Haemostatic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Atherosclerosis, 191, 418-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.04.012
|
[110]
|
Stefanovic, A., Kotur-Stevuljevic, J., Spasic, S., Bogavac-Stanojevic, N. and Bujisic, N. (2008) The Influence of Obesity on the Oxidative Stress Status and the Concen-tration of Leptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 79, 156-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2007.07.019
|
[111]
|
Abdella, N.A., Mojiminiyi, O.A., Moussa, M.A., Zaki, M., Al Mohammedi, H., Al Ozairi, E.S. and Al Jebely, S. (2005) Plasma Leptin Concentration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Insulin Resistance. Diabetic Medicine, 22, 278-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01405.x
|
[112]
|
Asakawa, H., Tokunaga, K. and Kawakami, F. (2001) Relationship of Leptin Level with Metabolic Disorders and Hypertension in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 15, 57-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1056-8727(00)00145-8
|
[113]
|
Thorand, B., Zierer, A., Baumert, J., Meisinger, C., Herder, C. and Koenig, W. (2010) Associations between Leptin and the Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men and Women: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Study 1984-2002. Diabetic Medicine, 27, 1004-1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03043.x
|
[114]
|
Maenhaut, N. and van de Voorde, J. (2011) Regulation of Vascular Tone by Adipocytes. BMC Medicine, 16, 9-25.
|
[115]
|
Snehalatha, C., Mukesh, B., Simon, M., Viswanathan, V., Haffner, S.M. and Ramachandran, A. (2003) Plasma Adiponectin Is an Independent Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes in Asian Indians. Diabetes Care, 26, 3226-3229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.12.3226
|
[116]
|
Li, S., Shin, H.J., Ding, E.L. and van Dam, R.M. (2009) Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 302, 179-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.976
|
[117]
|
Lautamaki, R., Ronnemaa, T., Huupponen, R., Lehtimaki, T., Iozzo, P., Airaksinen, K.E., Knuuti, J. and Nuutila, P. (2007) Low Serum Adiponectin Is Associated with High Circulating Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease. Metabolism, 56, 881-886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.01.018
|
[118]
|
Matsuzawa, Y., Funahashi, T. and Nakamura, T. (1999) Molecular Mechanism of Metabolic Syndrome X: Contribution of Adipocytokines Adipocyte-Derived Bioactive Substances. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 892, 146-154.
|
[119]
|
Kern, P.A., Di Gregorio, G.B., Lu, T., Rassouli, N. and Ranganathan, G. (2003) Adiponectin Expression from Human Adipose Tissue: Relation to Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression. Diabetes, 52, 1779-1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1779
|
[120]
|
Okamoto, Y., Kihara, S., Ouchi, N., Nishida, M., Arita, Y., Kumada, M., Ohashi, K., Sakai, N., Shimomura, I., Kobayashi, H., Terasaka, N., Inaba, T., Funahashi, T. and Matsuzawa, Y. (2002) Adiponectin Reduces Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Circulation, 106, 2767-2770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000042707.50032.19
|
[121]
|
Spergel, J.M., Mizoguchi, E., Oettgen, H., Bhan, A.K. and Geha, R.S. (1999) Roles of TH1 and TH2 Cytokines in a Murine Model of Allergic Dermatitis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 103, 1103-1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI5669
|
[122]
|
Dubucquoi, S., Desreumaux, P., Janin, A., Klein, O., Goldman, M., Tavernir, J., Capron, A. and Capron, M. (1994) Interleukin 5 Synthesis by Eosinophils Association with Granules and Immunoglobulin Dependent Secretion. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 179, 703-708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.179.2.703
|
[123]
|
Matsuzawa, Y., Funashi, T., Kihara, S. and Shimomura, I. (2004) Adiponectin and Metabolic Syndrome. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24, 29-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000099786.99623.EF
|
[124]
|
Trujillo, M.E. and Scherer, P.E. (2005) Adiponectin Journey from an Adipocyte Secretory Protein to Biomarker of the Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Internal Medicine, 257, 167-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01426.x
|
[125]
|
Halleux, C.N.M., Takahashi, M., Delporte, M.L., Detryc, R., Funahashi, T., Matsuzawa, Y. and Brichard, S.M. (2001) Secretion of Adiponectin and Regulation of apM1 Gene Expression in Human Visceral Adipose Tissue. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 288, 1102-1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.5904
|
[126]
|
Nagaev, I. and Smith, U. (2001) Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Are Not Related to Resistin Expression in Human Fat Cells or Skeletal Muscle. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 285, 561-564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.5173
|
[127]
|
Habib, S.S. (2012) Serum Resistin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Relationship with Body Composition. Saudi Medical Journal, 33, 495-499.
|
[128]
|
Gharibeh, M.Y., Al Tawallbeh, G.M., Abboud, M.M., Radaideh, A., Alhader, A.A. and Khabour, O.F. (2010) Correlation of Plasma Resistin with Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Diabetes & Metabolism, 6, 443-449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2010.05.003
|
[129]
|
Sommer, G., Garten, A., Petzold, S., Beck-Sickinger, A.G., Bluher, M., Stumvoll, M., et al. (2008) Visfatin/PBEF/Nampt: Structure, Regulation and Potential Function of a Novel Adipokine. Clinical Science, 115, 13-23.
|
[130]
|
Rego-Filho, E.A., Mello, S.F., Omuro, A.M. and Loli, J.O. (2003) Simultaneous Onset of Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome and Type 1 Diabetes. Jornal de Pediatria, 79, 557-560.
|
[131]
|
Mantzoros, C., Petridou, E., Dessypris, N., Chavelas, C., Dalamaga, M., Alexe, D.M., et al. (2004) Adiponectin and Breast Cancer Risk. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89, 1102-1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031804
|