A New View of the Dynamics of Particle Structure

Abstract

The new view denies the existence of fundamental particles in matter, and instead states that any particle and matter is a dynamic superposition of three natural elements, motion, force, and emptiness. This paper proposes a new theory of the structure of matter and the unification of the four forces. A correct understanding of the logic of material structure will enable atomic energy and nuclear physics to generate new manufacturing ideas. The dissertation expounds the natural distribution of dynamics and forces in space and the new deterministic theory of dynamic relationship. This theory solves problems such as the unity of the four forces and the dynamic laws of the material structure. In practical applications, it can provide new theoretical guidance for industrial manufacturing such as nuclear energy, fusion engineering, new energy, new materials, battery energy storage, new-generation reactors, etc., and then adopt effective means in line with the laws of natural power to make the substances needed by human beings. The supply of resources and energy is perfectly satisfied. Applying this theoretical model of material structure to all aspects of the manufacturing industry will surely open up a new era of material civilization for human beings.

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Jiang, Y. (2022) A New View of the Dynamics of Particle Structure. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 10, 2561-2573. doi: 10.4236/jamp.2022.108173.

1. Introduction

Nuclear physics is an important branch of cutting-edge physics. Relying on past experimental methods, it has obtained many practical applications in nuclear energy and nuclear power [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. However, due to the lack of logical understanding of the structure of matter, the large-scale collider established in Europe with huge human and material resources hopes to discover elementary particles to express the structure of matter, in an attempt to discover the origin of matter and the origin of the universe through the phenomena produced by this large-scale experiment. Theory, such an experimental method can only rely on the limited human perception to generate irrational and wrong logic, and cannot achieve a complete understanding of the structure of matter. It is necessary to find out the law of dynamical determinism that matter is consistent at both macro and micro levels, in order to determine the existence mode of matter structure. Only through the overall induction and analysis of classical physics can we understand the correct logic of the existence of matter. This paper makes a reasonable induction of important deterministic phenomena in basic physics, completes a new concept of the unity of the four forces, and then pays attention to the limitations of human perception of power, and proposes that the natural mechanism of matter existence, including elementary particles, is power In the reflection of space dynamic balance in human senses, with this understanding, human beings will obtain correct theoretical guidance in improving nuclear industry methods, and then generate new technical means, which will bring a wide range of practical uses for various industrial manufacturing, such as for Nuclear energy, nuclear fusion, nuclear fuel, nuclear materials, nuclear safety and other nuclear industries bring brand-new production processes.

Based on the complete understanding of the structure of matter, this paper establishes a geometric model of power in space, which is a geometric space model beyond the classical dynamic model, and is also a major historical theoretical problem. Since the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic dynamics is consistent, human perception is not sufficiently sensitive to microscopic dynamics. Therefore, this paper describes this new dynamic relationship from a macro perspective to make it easier for us to understand.

In nature, the dynamic and force rules exist according to the consistent dynamic balance under the principles of the two dynamic laws. For nuclear physics, its structure must be understood with the same rules, and it is recognized that any particle has greater power, more complex superposition and combination mechanism in a smaller space, which is why high-energy physics and particle physics are closely related correlation.

This thesis contains the logical concept of existence in natural philosophy, and assigns the classical physical noun dynamic space to be the three basic elements of natural existence, namely the basic element of matter and the basic element of the universe. Acknowledging the limited human senses of dynamic space, redefines the law of dynamic space by summarizing classical phenomena, and points out a new perspective in which the source of force and the source of motion coexist with each other. It is proposed that matter or particles are the result of the limited human senses of high power in small spaces.

Through this new theoretical revelation, nuclear technicians are encouraged to consciously improve experimental methods according to the laws of natural dynamics, reduce the waste of blind experiments, improve the efficiency of practice at the height of natural dynamic structure theory, guide the effective application of various green energy, reduce Nuclear pollution provides more complete theoretical guidance for nuclear industry manufacturing, nuclear fusion, new energy batteries, energy storage and other related processes [5].

2. Definition and Analysis of Keywords

The redefinition and analysis of keywords are conducive to the readers’ rapid connection to the core ideas of this article.

2.1. Nuclear Energy

Classically, nuclear energy is the transformation of mass energy, but this paper believes that nuclear energy is the release and transformation of nuclear space power. Due to the current use of heavy elements as nuclear materials, its power is huge and it is easy to produce nuclear pollution. This theory holds that under the new technology, light elements can be considered as nuclear materials, and nuclear materials with close to zero pollution can be selected. This is easier than nuclear fusion. Not only more common materials can be selected, but also lower cost, to achieve its general ubiquity.

2.2. Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear fusion currently produces energy by the aggregation of light elements. Generally, hydrogen isotopes are polymerized into helium. This theory holds that nuclear fusion is the result of two smaller equilibrium and stable nuclear space powers composing a larger nuclear power equilibrium, and excess power is generated as the energy of nuclear fusion in this polymerization conversion. In this process, the transformation of the nuclear equilibrium structure is much more difficult than the nuclear technology of classical reactors. A classical nuclear reactor can obtain huge nuclear power simply by breaking the power balance of the nucleons, without considering the nuclear fusion technology of rebalancing, which is one of the reasons why nuclear fusion is more difficult than ordinary nuclear energy.

2.3. Material Structure Logic

In classical physics, the problem of the structure of matter is one of the world’s hardest problems. Therefore, non-logical physical terms such as the origin of matter, dark matter, and the origin of the universe are derived from modern physics. However, this theory points out that to understand the structure of matter, we must first understand the three basic elements that make up particles, and then analyze the deterministic relationship between the elements, which is the core content of this thesis.

2.4. Emptiness

The classical understanding of space is the place where matter is accommodated, and the descriptions of modern physics are varied, and the curvature of space-time is one of the modern concepts of space. This paper believes that space accommodates matter, that is, the basic element power that accommodates matter, because there is no motion without space, and there is no force without motion. See the law of dynamics below. Or think that space is one of the basic elements of matter, because any particle or matter must have the existence of space. In the universe, both visible matter and invisible matter must exist depending on the existence of space. Secondly, the space or visible space where human beings are located is not only a relative motion, but an event that exists only by relying on absolute motion. Therefore, whether from a macroscopic or microscopic perspective, motion is a universal event. The relativity, absoluteness and superposition of infinite motions of microscopic or macroscopic motions are difficult to describe by human beings. Therefore, the description of space is a combined description under the absolute dynamic space, such as the description of the existence of space in which “centripetal motion” and “centripetal force” are derived from the reference point “center”. Taking the dynamic space point “heart” as the absolute reference is an important basic point to solve the error caused by relativity.

Conclusion: there is power in the universe, and emptiness is one of the elements of the universe.

2.5. Centrifugal Motion

Any point in the universe must have a relative movement. No matter the movement direction and speed of the point, the result of its movement must leave the point. If the point is taken as the absolute reference point, and the spatial point of the point is called the “heart”, then any movement must be centrifugal. That is why the logic of calling the key word centrifugal movement. With the moving point “heart” for the absolute reference, through the absolute event can break the wrong judgment of the theory of relativity. The classic movement reference point generally selects a certain static specific point, so the direction and size of the movement must change with the change of the reference point. If the reference point can be selected at will, the perspective, data and conclusion generated by the relativity must be uncertain.

“Movement” is a universal definite event in nature and one of the basic elements of the universe. How to describe and quantify it by deterministic methods is an issue that basic science must pay attention to. All man sees is the movement of matter. Like force, human beings cannot directly see the movement and force beyond matter, but can only understand the logical relationship of movement and force through the dynamic way of macroscopic matter.

2.6. Centripetal Force

Still taking the “heart” of absolute space motion as the reference point, the existence direction of the force is: it moves with the “heart” point. For example, the earth’s gravity is the “centripetal force” directed towards the center of the earth. It is necessary to define and describe the semantics of the two words dynamic and force. They are the two most essential words in the universe that are related to each other. The logical and mathematical relationship between the two is the main content that the scientific community must re-study. The correct description of the deterministic relationship between the two is an important symbol of the advanced physics foundation. In other words, it is necessary to correct the erroneous conclusions produced by the classics, carefully and patiently identify the descriptions of dynamic relations in the times of Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, and Einstein, and complete the dynamic relations through deterministic experiments and physical phenomena [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]. Geometric and mathematical expressions of space. Rather than relying solely on the concept of the gravitational force of matter. The source and existence of force are explained in detail by the first law of motion and force in this paper.

2.7. Human Sensory Limit

The human senses have a limit on the perception of the external space power, and the entire content of the limit range of the perception of the power space organization is called matter by human beings. Attempting to find the smallest standard elementary particles that make up matter is the logic of modern physics’ pursuit of sensory limits. Modern physics does not take into account that matter is the world of all things composed of three basic elements, nor does it discover the existence of invisible power beyond the limits of human senses. Therefore, the source of force, the unity of the four forces, and the dynamic relationship are beyond human intuition. Only through the correct induction of phenomena are the fundamental methods of theoretical physics. But current scientists only focus on extreme experimental phenomena, rather than a complete generalization of past established phenomena.

2.8. Distribution of Motion and Force and Space

All matter, including the so-called elementary particles, is the reflection of the spatial distribution of high-speed dynamical aggregation in human senses. Particles, electrons, atoms, molecules, and even galaxies in the universe are all in dynamic balance according to the dynamical spatial distribution. This dynamic balance is distributed according to the determined dynamic space. Human beings present the material world of the senses to the limited interval of dynamic space distribution. Numerical quantification of macroscopic or microcosmic cannot be exhausted, and only through geometric graph theory can the existence logic of power be explained.

The subject of the following thesis: two natural laws of motion and force distribution space.

3. Two Natural Laws of Motion and Force Distribution Space Are Introduced

The dynamic distribution space of particles is more complex than the macroscopic dynamic space of visible matter, because its microscopic dynamics and the size and superposition of space are far beyond the scope of human senses. However, no matter macroscopic or microscopic, the dynamic relationship in nature is Deterministic, it’s just a matter of size, and relative to human beings, particles are a highly dynamic equilibrium in an extremely small space. Therefore, the law of dynamics in “The Dynamic Principle of Earth’s Rotation” is quoted here [13] to show the two laws of dynamics from a macroscopic perspective, which is also suitable for the microscopic behavior of particle dynamics. Analyzing the particle dynamics structure through these two laws is expected to produce new Technology approach to energy.

3.1. Establish the First Law of Dynamics (Source of Force) According to the Universal Phenomena in Nature

In order to clarify the simplicity, first of all, the distribution relationship of the natural centrifugal motion and centripetal force in space is expressed in geometric graph theory, and then further explains how this geometric model satisfies the dynamic relationship and the daily physics law, and realizes the important physical issue of physics on the unification of the four forces.

3.1.1. (Figure 1) Illustrates the First Dynamic Law of the Universe: A Geometric Model of the Ideal Distribution of Power in Space

Movement and force are the basic existing elements in nature or in the universe, and they are the elements that exist everywhere in the universe, or at any point in the universe. In turn, it can be defined: an event that must exist at any point in the universe is called cosmic elements.

Movement, as previously defined by human science, refers to the movement of matter. The movement and force defined here are invisible to human sensory perception. In order to visualize, the visible material and mass m are introduced, and the earth is taken as the research object, and then the figure is made as follows.

Figure 1. Expression of the coexistence of centrifugal motion and centripetal force in space schematic diagram of the first law of dynamics.

3.1.2. Select the Earth and the Overall Space Containing the Geosynchronous Orbit as the Research Object. The Distribution Diagram of the Moving and Force Relationship Is as Follows

(Figure 2) The first dynamic law of motion is used to indicate the common existence of the earth’s movement and the centripetal force. The earth’s gravity is the existence of the centripetal force, which is not provided by the outside world, but a natural common event formed by the movement of the earth in space. The force F (Figure 2) is a centripetal force, which coexists synchronously with the earth’s movement of the whole and is full of space. The amount of forces distributed in space is proportional to the momentum mv defined by classical mechanics, the direction of any point force in space points to the center of the earth, and the size is inversely proportional to the distance of the center of the earth. The large circle shows the geosynchronous space orbit in the ideal state. The centrifugal motion of the Earth in the system is driven by the resultant force of other bodies outside the Earth, which is the second law produced by the first law (described later).

There has to be a huge momentum to produce a human-perceived force, and the rapid motion of a small space of a molecular atomic electronic structure is not easily discovered. But we can find the difference between the motion velocity of the gravitational constant G and the constant k of the Coulomb force. In real life, the electromagnetic force is also a composite phenomenon of this model. The force produced by the daily movement of individual objects is difficult to detect its existence, so it is difficult to obtain the linear function of material force production in the intuitive human visual field. At present, gravity and electromagnetic force can only be used to express the existence of force respectively, but it ignores the integrity of force and the common existence of movement. Therefore, physics produces four issues that forces are difficult to unify.

The centrifugal motion and the space-filled centripetal force exist together are one of the two laws in the universe. The model is called the first dynamic law of the universe. The law is equally suitable for the strong weak force van der Waals force and the dynamical distribution in particle space. The invisible nature of the

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the coexistence of earth motion and gravity earth’s Moving and Force system is a realistic model of the first law.

force and its great kinetic energy can be detected by human beings, and the clarity of the human perception of the microdynamic structure is even more difficult.

3.1.3. In Order to Summarize the Nucleon Power Thoroughly, the Problem of the Unification of the Four Forces in Physics Is Interpreted as Follows

Select countless electrons in the wire movement state as the research object, and the schematic diagram of the dynamic relationship distribution is as follows:

(Figure 3) is the first law of power indicates the joint existence of electromagnetic force and electron flow, electrons flow has electric field force, electrons flow without electric field force. Accordingly, the memory of the electric field force corresponds to the horizontal amount of exercise (current), rather than not just the mass of the electron. When a momentum is large enough, you can find out that the exercise and force are one to one.

The electric field force (Figure 3) is countless superposition of all centripetal forces, coexisting with the electron flow in space, and filling the outer space of the wire. The amount of the overall force distributed in space is proportional to the momentum mv of the electron flow. The left and right hand rule of physics absolutely follows the first law.

The electrons of (Figure 3) can control the size of their stopped flow, flow direction, and flow volume to prove that their relationship conforms to the first law of dynamics. This experiment makes up for the inoperable experimental means of the earth’s movement.

Through the above natural mechanism of motion and force, it can also show that the magnetic force of the magnet is the superposition of the simultaneous motion of the electron polarization. Particle dynamics is also the phenomenon of this dynamical relation in a smaller space.

Conclusion, any motion has a total spatial distribution of the force corresponding to the first law of dynamic. The earth’s movement corresponds to the gravity, the earth’s rotation corresponds to the geomagnetic force, the moon’s movement corresponds to the moon’s gravity, the moon does not have a strong rotation, so it can not feel the lunar magnetic force. Microscopically, the strong force is the force corresponding to the atomic motion, and the weak force is the

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the coexistence of electron flow and non-flow electromagnetic force is an infinite superposition of the first law of dynamics model.

force corresponding to the atomic decay motion. The above explanation of the dynamic correspondence completes the natural logic of physics about the unification of the four forces, and also explains the mechanism of force generation.

3.2. Establish the Second Law of Dynamic (the Source of Movement) According to the Common Phenomena in Nature

With the above first law of dynamics, we know that the centripetal force generated by any movement is distributed in the whole space of the universe, and the superposition of vectors. According to the analysis history of classical dynamics and the induction of natural phenomena, we can correct the classical dynamics relationship, and summarize the second law of dynamics: force determines the state of motion. The increment of force is the increment of motion that determines motion, that is, the variable of force determines the motion variable, and the force constant maintains the constant speed of motion. So the universe is dynamically eternal in space.

The second law of dynamics fully illustrates the simple and clear natural philosophy relationship between motion and force in space, which will produce future mathematical quantitative relations and new geometric models, and the self-consistent dynamics of the universe needs without the first driving force. This description is also a dynamical model for the scientific community to pursue the ultimate theory of physics.

A schematic diagram of force determining movement state: with the above source of force, the following can solve the source and mechanism of movement (Figure 4).

The second law of dynamics points out that the size and direction of the force determine the size and direction of the motion, in the second law of motion, the motion direction and force direction are the same, the force in that space determines the motion state of that point, while the first law is opposite, the motion produces the distributed force of the whole space. Movement, force is existing through the space transformation of natural events, more detailed quantification and the docking with the classic expression such as the above: the mV produces small f (gravity), and the mV motion is caused by a synthetic force F produced by external motion, m itself in smaller space high speed spin and other complex

Figure 4. The resultant spatial force determines the trajectory and state schematic diagram of the second law of cosmic dynamics.

motion, reflected in the human senses for particle state, the particle state is still the two small space of the dynamic relationship in the human senses.

The above mainly describes the existence relationship between motion and force in space from a macroscopic perspective, and by extension to the nucleon, the analysis of its power relationship must be carried out in small space. The most important thing is to understand the different transformations of power in space: the force generated by motion is distributed in the whole space, and the force determines the state of motion is point space behavior. With these two basic laws, we not only understand the way of existence of matter in space, but also can use the way of existence of power in nature to realize the conversion of various power, and to realize the manufacturing process of new energy and new materials.

Molecules, atoms, and electrons are the reflections of the highly dynamic and dense power distribution in a very small space in human perception. Therefore, how to arrange and combine molecular atoms and electrons in space is the fundamental problem of the application of nuclear technology. The mechanism of the arrangement and combination of molecular atomic electrons is formed according to the strength of the dynamic equilibrium structure stability. In general, the event of transitioning from a low dynamic balance to a high balance configuration is easier to handle. The nuclear reactor is the reverse process of breaking the high power balance to obtain energy, which is more difficult.

4. The Application Enlightenment of the Theory: New Ideas for Generating New Energy and New Materials

The industrial revolution leap is determined by two events: energy and materials. Therefore, this section discusses how to apply this theory to inspire the nucleon technology to produce new energy and new materials manufacturing issues.

4.1. Inspiration from Epoch-Making Nuclear Energy Technology

As we all know, the current nuclear reactors have uncontrollable nuclear waste and nuclear fission, and the difficulty of nuclear fusion technology and subsequent commercial use are also far away. It can be improved through this theoretical model. On the one hand, it is possible to find or make high-energy ionic materials as a means of new energy. In layman’s terms, it is a technology that strips more peripheral electrons without destroying the nucleus. Lithium-ion batteries and plasma technology this is the tendency of this development. On the other hand, new energy can be generated through the power process of nuclear decay, and the nuclear waste radiation can be transformed into clean and usable new energy through the conversion principle of the theoretical power in space, which benefits the environment.

4.2. Synthesis of Epoch-Making New Materials

In theory, with an understanding of this model, any material needed by industry can be obtained by reorganizing the kinetic space. However, the recombination experiments of molecules and nucleons by current technology, such as chemical synthesis of materials and alloy behaviors, are the methods to generate new materials. Without the guidance of deterministic theory, the waste of blind practice and the realization of goals are still limited by many bottlenecks.

The core content of this thesis is to explain the basic laws of natural dynamics, to interpret the composition of the material structure from a deep level, and then to introduce the synthesis process of new materials at the level of natural dynamics principles, and to find a more effective synthesis through the ultimate understanding of the material structure. Methods and technical means. Since the new material is a reorganization at the atomic and electronic levels, theoretically combined with the combinatorial geometry direction in mathematical graph theory [11] to provide the most dense packing analysis of spheres, and consider the natural dynamical law in this paper for targeted operation practice, the application of artificial intelligence and computer algorithms has theoretical and practical guiding significance for the new materials needed by various industries. Of course, the current kinetic technology cannot completely change or destroy the reorganization of the nuclear structure at will. It can only be comprehensively operated through various empirical blind tests. The ideas and suggestions in this paper will effectively improve the efficiency of past experience and make the new materials the revolutionary dawn appeared early.

In short, the conversion and equilibrium means of obtaining the nucleon dynamic space can determine the unrestricted cycle generation and production of new energy and new materials, and this equilibrium conversion is the result of these two natural dynamic laws. Understanding this result will make unprecedented progress for improving the technical methods.

5. Prospects of This Theory

The importance of human scientific theories to experimental guidance is obvious to all. Since the 17th century, many laws established by Newton, Ampère, Maxwell, Einstein, and Descartes [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] have brought rich direct applications to the world. Opened the chapter of the Industrial Revolution. Theories from more than 300 years ago can no longer meet the needs of the development of the times. Therefore, the times call for the emergence of the theoretical system beyond the classical natural sciences, and new basic theories have not been applied in the field of modern science and technology. The most important basic physics are no widely recognized breakthroughs in difficult problems, such as the source of force, the unification of the four forces, the structure of matter, the ultimate theory of physics, and so on.

This theory interprets the structure of matter from a deep level, reveals the existence of natural power, establishes the three-dimensional geometric model of the material structure, the mathematical model of the power space and the quantitative equation, and completes the ultimate understanding of physics. In nature, the relationship between dynamics is definite, but classical dynamics has not completed the description of the mathematical function relationship between dynamics. This theory will fill in the deterministic mathematical description and geometric description of dynamics and forces in space in classical physics inadequate description. At the same time, it is also the dream of the scientific community to pursue the ultimate theory of physics. This dissertation includes systematic descriptions from philosophy, science, mathematics and many other aspects. These new theories will reasonably supplement the integrity of the natural science logic in the future, and make a qualitative leap in the development of human material civilization and spiritual civilization.

The understanding of material structure and the practical application of the ultimate physical theory correspond to the arrival of the dawn of the ultimate industrial revolution, which has broad and far-reaching practical significance for the sustainable development of human survival quality, civilization and progress, and of life, health and longevity of life.

6. Conclusions

The core content of this paper is to expound the two basic laws of natural dynamics, to interpret the composition of the material structure from a deep level, and then to point out the application direction of nuclear technology at the level of natural dynamics principles [12] [13] [14]. The wide application of this theory can bring practical applications to various industrial manufacturing, such as national defense construction, aerospace, new energy, microelectronics, flexible materials, lithography, chips and other manufacturing industries to bring revolutionary progress.

Under the guidance of the theory of natural laws, human ingenuity will make the application of nuclear technology enter an epoch-making industrial revolution. The application of natural laws is the driving force for the eternal development of human beings. I hope to be interested in promoting human science. Development professors and scientific and technological workers participate in the practice and reform of this major theory, and let us witness the great development of human civilization.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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