[1]
|
James, H.L. (1954) Sedimentary Facies of Iron-Formations. Economic Geology, 49, 235-293. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.49.3.235
|
[2]
|
Trendall, A.F. (1983) Introduction. In: Trendall, A.F. and Morris, R.C., Eds., Developments in Precambrian Geology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2635(08)70040-9
|
[3]
|
Heim, C., Simon, K., Ionescu, D., Reimer, A., De Beer, D., Quéric, N.V., Reitner, J. and Thiel, V. (2015) Assessing the Utility of Trace and Rare Earth Elements as Biosignatures in Microbial Iron Oxyhydroxides. Frontiers in Earth Sciences, 3, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00006
|
[4]
|
Fryer, B.J. (1971) Canadian Precambrian Iron-Formations: Ages and Trace Element Compositions. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 175.
|
[5]
|
Balaram, V., Manikyamba, C., Ramesh, S.L. and Anjaiah, K.V. (1992) Rare Earth and Trace Element Determination in Iron-Formation Reference Samples by ICP-MS. National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India, 19-25.
|
[6]
|
Bolhar, R., Hofmann, A., Woodhead, J., Hergt, J. and Dirks, P. (2002) Pb- and Nd Isotope Systematics of Stromatolitic Limestones from the 2.7 Ga Ngezi Group of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt: Constraints on Timing of Deposition and Provenance. Precambrian Research, 114, 277-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00229-7
|
[7]
|
Van Kranendonk, M.J., Webb, G.E. and Kamber, B.S. (2003) Geological and Trace Element Evidence for a Marine Sedimentary Environment of Deposition and Biogenicity of 3.45 Ga Stromatolitic Carbonates in the Pilbara Craton, and Support for a Reducing Archaean Ocean. Geobiology, 1, 91-108. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4669.2003.00014.x
|
[8]
|
Bau, M. and Dulski, P. (1996) Distribution of Yttrium and Rare-Earth Elements in the Penge and Kuruman Iron-Formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research, 79, 37-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9
|
[9]
|
Bau, M. and Dulski, P. (1999) Comparing Yttrium and Rare Earths in Hydrothermal Fluids from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for Y and REE Behaviour during Near Vent Mixing and for the Y/Ho Ratio of Proterozoic Seawater. Chemical Geology, 155, 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00142-9
|
[10]
|
Bolhar, R., Kamber, B.S., Moorbath, S., Fedo, C.M. and Whitehouse, M.J. (2004) Characterization of Early Archean Chemical Sediments by Trace Element Signatures. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 222, 43-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.02.016
|
[11]
|
Wang, Y.H., Zhang, F.F., Liu, J.J. and Que, C.Y. (2016) Genesis of the Fuxing Porphyry Cu Deposit in Eastern Tianshan, China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and C-H-O-S-Pb Isotope Systematics. Ore Geology Reviews, 79, 46-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.04.022
|
[12]
|
Elderfield, H. (1988) The Oceanic Chemistry of the Rare-Earth Elements. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 325, 105-106. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1988.0046
|
[13]
|
Piepgras, D.J. and Jacobsen, S.B. (1992) The Behavior of Rare Earth Elements in Seawater: Precise Determination of Variations in the North Pacific Water Column. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 1851-1862. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90315-A
|
[14]
|
Webb, G.E. and Kamber, B.S. (2000) Rare Earth Elements in Holocene Reefal Microbialites: A New Shallow Seawater Proxy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 1557-1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00400-7
|
[15]
|
Ilouga, C.D.I., Suh, C.E. and Ghogomu, R.T. (2013) Textures and Rare Earth Elements Composition of Banded Iron Formations (BIF) at Njweng Prospect, Mbalam Iron Ore District, Southern Cameroon. International Journal of Geosciences, 4, 146-165. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.41014
|
[16]
|
Ganno, S., Ngnotue, T., Kouankap, N.G.D., Nzenti, J.P. and Notsa, F.M. (2015) Petrology and Geochemistry of the Banded Iron-Formations from Ntem Complex Greenstones Belt, Elom Area, Southern Cameroon: Implications for the Origin and Depositional Environment. Geochemistry, 75, 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2015.08.001
|
[17]
|
Teutsong, T., Bontognali, T.R.R., Ndjigui, P.D., Vrijmoed, J.C., Teagle, D., Cooper, M. and Vance, D. (2017) Petrography and Geochemistry of the Mesoarchean Bikoula Banded Iron Formation in the Ntem Complex (Congo Craton), Southern Cameroon: Implications for Its Origin. Ore Geology Reviews, 80, 267-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.07.003
|
[18]
|
Ndime, E.N., Ganno, S., Tamehe, L.S. and Nzenti, J.P. (2018) Petrography, Lithostratigraphy and Major Element Geochemistry of Mesoarchean Metamorphosed Banded Iron Formation-Hosted Nkout Iron Ore Deposit, North Western Congo Craton, Central West Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 148, 80-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.06.007
|
[19]
|
Maurizot, P., Abessolo, A., Feybesse, J.L. and Johan, L.P. (1986) étude de prospection minière du Sud-Ouest Cameroun, Synthèse des travaux de 1978 à 1985, Rapport de BRGM 85, 274.
|
[20]
|
Toteu, S.F., Van Schmus, W.R., Penaye, J. and Nyobe, J.B. (1994) U-Pb and Sm-Nd Evidence for Eburnian and Pan-African High-Grade Metamorphism in Cratonic Rocks of Southern Cameroon. Precambrian Research, 67, 321-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(94)90014-0
|
[21]
|
Toteu, S.F., Van Schmus, W.R., Penaye, J. and Michard, A. (2001) New U-Pb, and Sm-Nd Data from North-Central Cameroon and Its Bearing on the Pre-Pan-African History of Central Africa. Precambrian Research, 108, 45-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00149-2
|
[22]
|
Pouclet, A., Tchameni, R., Mezger, K., Vidal, M., Nsifa, E., Shang, C. and Penaye, J. (2007) Archaean Crustal Accretion at the Northern Border of the Congo Craton (South Cameroon). The Charnockite-TTG Link. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 178, 331-342. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.178.5.331
|
[23]
|
Suh, C.E., Cabral, A.R., Shemang, E.M., Mbinkar, L. and Mboudou, G.G.M. (2008) Two Contrasting Iron Deposits in the Precambrian Mineral Belt of Cameroon, West Africa. Exploration and Mining Geology, 17, 197-207. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsemg.17.3-4.197
|
[24]
|
Tchameni, R., Mezger, K., Nsifa, N.E. and Pouclet, A. (2000) Neoarchaean Evolution in the Congo Craton: Evidence from K Rich Granitoids of the Ntem Complex, Southern Cameroon. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 30, 133-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(00)00012-9
|
[25]
|
Shang, C.K., Satir, M., Siebel, W., Nsifa, E.N., Taubald, H., Liegeois, J.P. and Tchoua, F.M. (2004) TTG Magmatism in the Congo Craton; A View from Major and Trace Element Geochemistry, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Systematics: Case of the Sangmelima Region, Ntem Complex, Southern Cameroon. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 40, 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2004.07.005
|
[26]
|
Nédélec, A., Nsifa, E.N. and Martin, H. (1990) Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of the Archaean Ntem Plutonic Complex (South Cameroon): Petrogenesis and Crustal Evolution. Precambrian Research, 47, 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(90)90029-P
|
[27]
|
Shang, C.K., Satir, M., Siebel, W., Taubald, H., Nsifa, E.N., Westphal, M. and Reitter, E. (2001) Genesis of K-Rich Granitoids in the Sangmelima Region, Ntem Complex (Congo Craton), Cameroon. Terra Nostra, 5, 60-63.
|
[28]
|
Shang Siebel, W., Satir, M., Chen, F. and Mvondo, J.O. (2004) Zircon Pb-Pb and U-Pb Systematics of TTG Rocks in the Congo Craton: Constraints on Crust Formation, Magmatism, and Pan-African Lead Loss. Bulletin of Geosciences, 79, 205-219.
|
[29]
|
Tchameni, R., Lerouge, C., Penaye, J., Cocherie, A., Milesi, J.P., Toteu, S.F. and Nsifa, E.N. (2010) Mineralogical Constraint for Metamorphic Conditions in a Shear Zone Affecting the Archean Ngoulemakong Tonalite, Congo Craton (Southern Cameroon) and Retentivity of U-Pb SHRIMP Zircon Dates. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 58, 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.01.009
|
[30]
|
Li, X.H., Chen, Y., Li, J., Yang, C., Ling, X.X. and Tchouankoue, J.P. (2016) New Isotopic Constraints on Age and Origin of Mesoarchean Charnockite, Trondhjemite and Amphibolite in the Ntem Complex of NW Congo Craton, Southern Cameroon. Precambrian Research, 276, 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.027
|
[31]
|
Takam, T., Arima, M., Kokonyangi, J., Dunkley, D.J. and Nsifa, E.N. (2009) Paleoarchaean Charnockite in the Ntem Complex, Congo Craton, Cameroon: Insights from SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Ages. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 104, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.2465/jmps.080624
|
[32]
|
Tchameni, R., Pouclet, A., Mezger, K., Nsifa, N.E. and Vicat, J.P. (2004) Single Zircon Pb-Pb and Sm-Nd Whole Rock Ages for the Ebolowa Greenstone Belts: Evidence for Pre-2.9 Ga Terranes in the Ntem Complex (South Cameroon). Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences, 4, 235-246.
|
[33]
|
Ganno, S., Tsozué, D., Kouankap, N.G.D., Tchouatcha, M.S., Ngnotué, T., Gamgne Takam, R. and Nzenti. J.P. (2018) Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Banded Iron Formation-Hosted Iron Ore from the Archaean Ntem Complex (Congo Craton) in the Meyomessi Area, Southern Cameroon. Resource Geology, 68, 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12172
|
[34]
|
Ndime, E.N., Ganno, S. and Nzenti, J.P. (2019) Geochemistry and Pb-Pb Geochronology of the Neoarchean Nkout West Metamorphosed Banded Iron Formation, Southern Cameroon. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 108, 1551-1570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-019-01719-5
|
[35]
|
Shang, C.K., Satir, M., Nsifa, E.N., Liégeois, J.P., Siebel, W. and Taubald, H. (2007) Archaean High-K Granitoids Produced by Remelting of Earlier Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite (TTG) in the Sangmelima Region of the Ntem Complex of the Congo Craton, Southern Cameroon. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96, 817-841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0141-3
|
[36]
|
Shang, C.K., Liégeois, J.P., Satir, M., Frisch, W. and Nsifa, E.N. (2010) Late Archaean High-K Granite Geochronology of the Northern Metacratonic Margin of the Archaean Congo Craton, Southern Cameroon: Evidence for Pb-Loss Due to Non-Metamorphic Causes. Gondwana Research, 18, 337-355.
|
[37]
|
Akame, J.M., Oliveira, E.P., Poujol, M., Hublet, G. and Debaille, V. (2020) LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Dating, Lu-Hf, Sm-Nd Geochronology and Tectonic Setting of the Mesoarchean Mafic and Felsic Magmatic Rocks in the Sangmelima Granite-Greenstone Terrane, Ntem Complex (South Cameroon). Lithos, 372-373, Article ID: 105702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105702
|
[38]
|
Feybesse, J.L., Johan, V., Triboulet, C., Guerrot, C., Mayaga-Mikolo, F., Bouchot, V. and N’dong, J.E. (1998) The West Central African Belt: A Model of 2.5 - 2.0 Ga Accretion and Two-Phase Orogenic Evolution. Precambrian Research, 87, 161-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(97)00053-3
|
[39]
|
Owona, S., Ondoa, J.M., Ratschbacher, L., Ndzana, S.P.M., Tchoua, F.M. and Ekodeck, G.E. (2011) The Geometry of the Archean, Paleo- and Neoproterozoic Tectonics in the Southwest Cameroon. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 343, 312-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2010.12.008
|
[40]
|
Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M. (1985) The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 312.
|
[41]
|
Savko, K.A., Bazikov, N.S. and Artemenko, G.V. (2015) Geochemical Evolution of the Banded Iron Formations of the Voronezh Crystalline Massif in the Early Precambrian: Sources of Matter and Geochronological Constraints. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation volume, 23, 451-467. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593815050068
|
[42]
|
Dymek, R.F. and Klein, C. (1988) Chemistry, Petrology and Origin of Banded Iron Formation Lithologies from 3800 MA Isua Supracrustal Belt, West Greenland. Precambrian Research, 39, 247-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(88)90022-8
|
[43]
|
Mloszewska, A.M., Pecoits, E. and Cates, N.L. (2012) The Composition of Earth’s Oldest Iron Formations: The Nuvvuagittuq Supracrustal Belt (Québec, Canada). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 317-318, 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.020
|
[44]
|
Bau, M. and Dulski, P. (1999) Comparing Yttrium and Rare Earths in Hydrothermal Fluids from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for Y and REE Behaviour during Near Vent Mixing and for the Y/Ho Ratio of Proterozoic Seawater. Chemical Geology, 155, 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00142-9
|
[45]
|
Sun, X.-H., Zhu, X.-Q., Tang, H.-S., Zhang, Q. and Luo, T.-Y. (2015) The Gongchangling BIFs from the Anshan-Benxi Area, NE China: Petrological-Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of High-Grade Iron Ores. Ore Geology Reviews, 60, 112-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.12.017
|
[46]
|
Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.F. (1989) Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts: Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42, 313-345. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19
|
[47]
|
McLennan, S.M. (1989) Rare Earth Elements in Sedimentary Rocks: Influence of Provenance and Sedimentary Processes. In: Lipin, B.R. and McKay, G.A., Eds., Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements, De Gruyter, Berlin, 169-200. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501509032-010
|
[48]
|
Derry, L.A. and Jacobsen, S.B. (1990) The Chemical Evolution of Precambrian Seawater: Evidence from REEs in Banded Iron Formations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 2965-2977. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90114-Z
|
[49]
|
Kato, Y., Ohta, I., Tsunematsu, T., Watanabe, Y., Isozaki, Y. and Maruyama, S. (1998) Rare Earth Element Variations in Mid-Archean Banded Iron Formations: Implications for the Chemistry of Ocean and Continent and Plate Tectonics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 3475-3497. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00253-1
|
[50]
|
Kato, Y., Yamaguchi, K.E. and Ohmoto, H. (2006) Rare Earth Elements in Precambrian Banded Fe Formations: Secular Changes of Ce and Eu Anomalies and Evolution of Atmospheric Oxygen. In: Kessler, S.E. and Ohmoto, H., Eds., Evolution of the Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere on Early Earth: Constraints from Ore Deposits, Geological Society of America, Denver. https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.1198(16)
|
[51]
|
Bau, M., Schmidt, K., Koschinsky, A., Hein, J., Kuhn, T. and Usui, A. (2014) Discriminating between Different Genetic Types of Marine Ferro-Manganese Crusts and Nodules Based on Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium. Chemical Geology, 381, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.05.004
|
[52]
|
Fryer, B.J. (1983) Rare Earth Elements in Iron-Formation. In: Trendall, A.F. and Morris, R.C., Eds., Developments in Precambrian Geology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2635(08)70048-3
|
[53]
|
Barrett, T.J., Fralick, P.W. and Javris, I. (1988) Rare-Earth Element Geochemistry of Some Archean Iron Formations North of Lake Superior, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 570-580. https://doi.org/10.1139/e88-055
|
[54]
|
Bau, M. and Möller, P. (1993) Rare Earth Element Systematics of the Chemically Precipitated Component in Early Precambrian Iron-Formations and the Evolution of the Terrestrial Atmosphere-Hydrosphere-Lithosphere System. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 2239-2249. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90566-F
|
[55]
|
Planavsky, N., Bekker, A., Rouxel, O.J., Kamber, B., Hofmann, A., Knudsen, A. and Lyons, T.W. (2010) Rare Earth Element and Yttrium Compositions of Archean and Paleoproterozoic Fe Formations Revisited: New Perspectives on the Significance and Mechanisms of Deposition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 6387-6405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.021
|
[56]
|
Klein, C. (2005) Some Precambrian Banded Iron-Formations (BIFs) from around the World: Their Age, Geologic Setting, Mineralogy, Metamorphism, Geochemistry, and Origins. American Mineralogist, 90, 1473-1499. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1871
|
[57]
|
Tchatchueng, R., Dadjo Djamo, H., Ngnotué, T., Tanko Njiosseu, E.L., Traoré, M., Moudioh, C., Wabo, H., Djeutchou, C. and Nzenti, J.P. (2020) Petrography and Major Element Geochemistry of the Endengue Iron Formations, Ntem Complex, South Cameroon. Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics, 8, 15-24.
|
[58]
|
Bauernhofer, A.H., Hauzenberger, C.A., Wallbrecher, E., Muhongo, S., Hoinkes, G., Mogessie, A., Opiyo-Akech, N. and Tenczer, V. (2009) Geochemistry of Basement Rocks from SE Kenya and NE Tanzania: Indications for Rifting and Early Pan-African Subduction. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 98, 1809-1834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0345-9
|
[59]
|
Lan, T.G., Fan, H.R., Santosh, M., Hu, F.F., Yang, K.F. and Liu, Y.S. (2014) U-Pb Zircon Chronology, Geochemistry and Isotopes of the Changyi Banded Iron Formation in the Eastern Shandong Province: Constraints on BIF Genesis and Implications for Paleoproterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the North China Craton. Ore Geology Reviews, 56, 472-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.06.008
|
[60]
|
Rudnick, R.L., McLennan, S.M. and Taylor, S.R. (1985) Large Ion Lithophile Elements in Rocks from High-Pressure Granulite Facies Terrains. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 1645-1655. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90268-6
|
[61]
|
Veizer, J., Ala, D., Azmy, K., Bruckschen, P., Buhl, D., Bruhn, F., Carden, G.A.F., Diener, A., Ebneth, S., Godderis, Y., Jasper, T., Korte, C., Pawellek, F. Podlaha, O.G. and Strauss, H. (1999) 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C andδ18O Evolution of Phanerozoic Seawater. Chemical Geology, 161, 59-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00081-9
|
[62]
|
Tang, H.S., Chen, Y.J., Santosh, M., Zhong, H. and Yang, T. (2013) REE Geochemistry of Carbonates from the Guanmenshan Formation, Liaohe Group, NE Sino-Korean Craton: Implications for Seawater Compositional Change during the Great Oxidation Event. Precambrian Research, 227, 316-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.02.005
|
[63]
|
Rao, T.G. and Naqvi, S.M. (1995) Geochemistry, Depositional Environment and Tectonic Setting of the BIF’s of the Late Archean Chitradurga Schist Belt, India. Chemical Geology, 121, 217-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)00116-P
|
[64]
|
Pecoits, E., Gingras, M.K., Barley, M.E., Kappler A., Posth, N.R. and Konhauser, K.O. (2009) Petrography and Geochemistry of the Dales Gorge Banded Iron Formation: Paragenetic Sequence, Source and Implications for Palaeo-Ocean Chemistry. Precambrian Research, 172, 163-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2009.03.014
|
[65]
|
Condie, K.C. (1993) Chemical Composition and Evolution of the Upper Continental Crust: Contrasting Results from Surface Samples and Shales. Chemical Geology, 104, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90140-E
|
[66]
|
Thurston, P.C., Kamber, B.S. and Whitehouse, M. (2012) Archaean Cherts in Banded Iron Formation: Insight into Neoarchaean Ocean Chemistry and Depositional Processes. Precambrian Research, 214-215, 227-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.04.004
|
[67]
|
Toth, J.R. (1980) Deposition of Submarine Crusts Rich in Manganese and Iron. GSA Bulletin, 91, 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<44:DOSCRI>2.0.CO;2
|
[68]
|
Hein, J.R., Conrad, T., Mizell, K., Banakar, K.V., Frey, F.A. and Sager, W.W. (2016) Controls on Ferromanganese Crust Composition and Reconnaissance Resource Potential, Ninety East Ridge, Indian Ocean. Elsevier Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 110, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.11.006
|
[69]
|
Bingen, B., Demaiffe, D. and Hergoten, J. (1996) Redistribution of REE, Thorium and Uranium over Accessory Minerals in the Course of Amphibolite to Granulite Facies Metamorphism: The Role of Apatite and Monazite in Orthogneisses from South-Eastern Norway. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 1341-1354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00006-3
|
[70]
|
Afifya, A.M., Sanz-Monteroa, M.E. and Calvo, J.P. (2018) Differentiation of Ironstone Types by Using Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Geochemistry—A Case Study from the Bahariya Region, Egypt. Ore Geology Reviews, 96, 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.04.019
|
[71]
|
Klinkhammer, G., Elderfield, H. and Hudson, A. (1983) Rare Earth Elements in Seawater near Hydrothermal Vents. Nature, 305, 185-188. https://doi.org/10.1038/305185a0
|
[72]
|
Kamber, B.S. (2010) Archean Mafic-Ultramafic Volcanic Landmasses and Their Effect on Ocean-Atmosphere Chemistry. Chemical Geology, 274, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.03.009
|
[73]
|
Zhang, J. and Nozaki, Y. (1996) Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium in Seawater: ICP-MS Determinations in the East Caroline, Coral Sea, and South Fiji Basins of the Western South Pacific Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 4631-4644. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00276-1
|
[74]
|
Michard, A., Michard, G., Stuben, D., Stoffers, P., Cheminée, J.-L. and Binard, N. (1993) Submarine Thermal Springs Associated with Young Volcanoes: The Teahitia Vents, Society Islands Pacific Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 4977-4986. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(05)80003-1
|
[75]
|
Cabral, A.R., Lehmann B., Seabra Gomes, A.A. and Pasava, J. (2016) Episodic Negative Anomalies of Cerium at the Depositional Onset of the 2.65-Ga Itabira Iron Formation, Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Precambrian Research, 276, 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.031
|
[76]
|
Ganno, S., Njiosseu, T.E.L., Kouankap, N.G.D., Djoukouo, S.A.P., Moudioh, C., Ngnotué, T. and Nzenti, J.P. (2017) A Mixed Seawater and Hydrothermal Origin of Superior-Type Banded Iron Formation (BIF)-Hosted Kouambo Iron Deposit, Palaeoproterozoic Nyong Series, Southwestern Cameroon: Constraints from Petrography and Geochemistry. Ore Geology Reviews, 80, 860-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.08.021
|
[77]
|
Graf, J.L., O’Connor, E.A. and Van Leeuwen, P. (1994) Rare Earth Element Evidence of Origin and Depositional Environment of Late Proterozoic Ironstone Beds and Manganese-Oxide Deposits, SW Brazil and SE Bolivia. Journal of South America Earth Sciences, 7, 115-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-9811(94)90003-5
|
[78]
|
Chombong, N.N., Suh, C.E., Lehmann, B., Vishiti, A., Ilouga, D.C., Shemang, E.M., Tantoh, B.S. and Kedia, A.C. (2017) Host Rock Geochemistry, Texture and Chemical Composition of Magnetite in Iron Ore in the Neoarchaean Nyong Unit in Southern Cameroon. Applied Earth Science, 126, 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/03717453.2017.1345507
|
[79]
|
Lascelles, D.F. (2007) Black Smokers and Density Currents: A Uniformitarian Model for the Genesis of Banded Iron-Formations. Ore Geology Reviews, 32, 381-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.11.005
|
[80]
|
German, C.R. and Elderfield, H. (1990) Application of the Ce Anomaly as a Paleo Redox Indicator: The Ground Rules. Paleoceanography and Paleoceanography, 5, 823-833. https://doi.org/10.1029/PA005i005p00823
|
[81]
|
Bekker, A., Slack, J.F., Planavsky, N., Krapez, B., Hofmann, A., Konhauser, K.O. and Rouxel, O.J. (2010) Iron Formation: The Sedimentary Product of a Complex Interplay among Mantle, Tectonic, Oceanic and Biospheric Processes. Economic Geology, 105, 467-508. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.467
|
[82]
|
Byrne, R. and Sholkovitz, E. (1996) Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry of the Lanthanides. In: Gschneider Jr., K.A. and Eyring, L., Eds., Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Rare Earths, Vol. 23, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 497-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1273(96)23009-0
|
[83]
|
Kakuwa, Y. and Matsumoto, R. (2006) Cerium Negative Anomaly Just before the Permian and Triassic Boundary Event—The Upward Expansion of Anoxia in the Water Column. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 229, 335-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.005
|
[84]
|
Maynard, J.B. (2010) The Chemistry of Manganese Ores through Time: A Signal of Increasing Diversity of Earth-Surface Environments. Economic Geology, 105, 535-552. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.535
|
[85]
|
Braun, J.J., Pagel, M., Muller, J.-P., Bilong, P., Michard, A. and Guillet, B. (1990) Cerium Anomalies in Lateritic Profiles. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 781-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90373-S
|
[86]
|
Boulangé, B. and Colin, F. (1994) Rare Element Mobility during Conversion of Nepheline Syenite into Lateritic Bauxite at Passo-Quatro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Applied Geochemistry, 9, 701-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(94)90029-9
|
[87]
|
Koeppenkastrop, D. and De Carlo, E.H. (1992) Sorption of Rare-Earth Elements from Seawater onto Synthetic Mineral Particles—An Experimental Approach. Chemical Geology, 95, 251-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90015-W
|
[88]
|
Soh, T.L., Tankwa, M.N., Chongtao, W., Ganno, S., Ngnotue, T., Kouankap, N.G.D., Shaamu, J.S., Zhang, J. and Nzenti, J.P. (2018) Geology and Geochemical Constrains on the Origin and Depositional Setting of the Kpwa-Atog Boga Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), Northwestern Congo Craton, Southern Cameroon. Ore Geology Reviews, 95, 620-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.03.017
|
[89]
|
Fryer, B. (1977) Rare Earth Evidence in Iron-Formations for Changing Precambrian Oxidation States. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 41, 361-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(77)90263-0
|
[90]
|
Amstrong-Altrin, J.S., Lee, Y.I., Verma, S.P. and Ramasamy, S. (2004) Geochemistry of Sandstones from the Upper Miocene Kudankulam Formation, Southern India: Implications for Provenance, Weathering, and Tectonic Setting. Journal of Sedimentation Research, 74, 285-297. https://doi.org/10.1306/082803740285
|
[91]
|
Jacobsen, S.B. and Pimentel-Klose, M.R. (1988) Nd Isotopic Variations in Precambrian Banded Iron Formations. Geophysical Research Letters, 15, 393-396. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL015i004p00393
|
[92]
|
Klein, C. and Beukes, N.J. (1989) Geochemistry and Sedimentology of a Facies Transition from Limestone to Iron-Formation Deposition in the Early Proterozoic Transvaal Super-Group, South Africa. Economic Geology, 84, 1733-1774. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.84.7.1733
|
[93]
|
Beukes, N.J. and Klein, C. (1990) Geochemistry and Sedimentology of a Facies Transition—From Microbanded to Granular Iron-Formation—In the Early Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research, 47, 99-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(90)90033-M
|