In this study a novel manganese dioxide modified nanofiber was facile prepared using the electrospinning technique. The as-prepared manganese dioxide/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly (acrylic acid) (briefly as MnO₂-PVA/PAA) was firstly characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, stress-strain test and secondly tested as an adsorbent to remove uranium from aqueous solution. Effect of pH, ionic strength, initial uranium concentration, mixing time, temperature on the adsorption, reusability and adsorption mechanism were illustrated. The theoretical adsorption amount of MnO₂-PVA/PAA calculated as 398.85 mg/g was competitive compared with the reported values. The study proved MnO₂-PVA/PAA is promising in the uranium removal from aqueous medium.