Salt Consumption Patterns and Iodine Nutrition Status of Pregnant Women in Coastal Region ()
ABSTRACT
Background: Maternal Iodine Deficiency Disorder can
result in inevitable cretinism as well as miscarriages, stillbirth and low
birth-weight babies. Objective: There is a need to find out contributing factors towards
urinary iodine concentrations of pregnant women. Methods: Therefore, the
cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to assess the patterns of salt utilization and iodine status of
pregnant women living in coastal areas of Mon State in January and May, 2013.
Result: A total of 144 pregnant women from Pa-Nga village and Kalokepi village in Thanbyuzayat township
were asked by using structured questionnaires including age, parity,
socioeconomic status and patterns of salt and iodine-rich foods (seaweed, fish,
prawn) consumption. Casual urine samples were collected from each pregnant
woman and urinary iodine concentrations were measured. Three samples each of
the iodized salt and non-iodized salt from local markets were collected for
determination of iodine content by the iodometric titration method. Only 83.3%
of the study population consumed iodized salt and the remaining (16.7%) consumed non-iodized salt. The
median urinary iodine concentration of the study population was 105 μg/L. The
mean urinary iodine level of pregnant women who consumed iodized salt and that
of pregnant women who consumed non-iodizes salt were 110.47 ± 67.34 μg/L and
95.83 ± 70.13 μg/L (P = 0.336). Iodine content of the iodized salt and
non-iodized salt was 20.6 ± 9.2 ppm and 5.1 ±
1.2 ppm respectively. In conclusion, the median iodine level of pregnant women was lower
than that of the optimal iodine nutrition for pregnant women, i.e., 150 - 250 μg/L and the mean iodine content of salt samples was lower than
the permissible level of iodine in iodized salt, i.e., 30 - 40 ppm. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that iodine
nutritional status of pregnant women in this area is insufficient and salt iodization needs to
be monitored for the optimal iodine content in iodized salt.
Share and Cite:
Hlaing, M. , Ohnmar, M. , Tun, S. , Khine, T. and Thwin, T. (2021) Salt Consumption Patterns and Iodine Nutrition Status of Pregnant Women in Coastal Region.
Food and Nutrition Sciences,
12, 28-36. doi:
10.4236/fns.2021.121003.
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