Primary Adrenal Tumors—Five Years Single Centre Experience 111
However a patient may have abdominal pain, gastroen-
teritis, weight loss, hypertension and diarrhea. Histologi-
cally two benign subtype of GN- mature and maturing
have been noted malignant transformation has also been
reported [20-23].
To our knowledge this is the first Indian study on
natural history of adrenal tumors. Although not so com-
mon, they are encountered in routine practice, overall
they are amenable to surgical modalities and have good
prognosis. Pheochromocytomas are the commonest ad-
renal tumors in our set-up. Larger studies are required to
find the incidence in our part of the world.
5. Acknowledgements
Treating clinicians: Pranjal R. Modi and S. J. Rizvi, Pro-
fessors in Urology and Transplantation, Veena R. Shah:
Prof. & HOD, Anesthesia and Critical Care, Hargovind L.
Trivedi: Department of Nephrology & Transplantation
Medicine, Jyotsana Suthar: Librarian who helped in lit-
erature search.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Bovio, A. Cataldi, G. Reimondo, et al., “Prevalence of
Adrenal Incidentaloma in a Contemporary Computerized
Tomography Series,” Journal of Endocrinological Inves-
tigation, Vol. 29, No. 4, 2006, pp. 298-302.
[2] P. K. Singh and H. N. Buch, “Adrenal Incidentaloma:
Evaluation and Management,” Journal of Clinical Pa-
thology, Vol. 61, No. 11, 2008, pp. 1168-1173.
doi:10.1136/jcp.2006.044313
[3] T. Gopan, E. Remer and A. H. Hamrahian, “Evaluating
and Managing Adrenal Incidentalomas,” Cleveland Clinic
Journal of Medicine, Vol. 73, No. 6, 2006, pp. 561-568.
doi:10.3949/ccjm.73.6.561
[4] J. H. Song, F. S. Chaudhry and W. W. Mayo-Smith, “The
Incidental Adrenal Mass on CT: Prevalence of Adrenal
Disease in 1049 Consecutive Adrenal Masses in Patients
with No Known Malignancy,” American Journal of Ro-
entgenology, Vol. 190, No. 5, 2008, pp. 1163-1168.
doi:10.2214/AJR.07.2799
[5] L. K. Nieman, “Approach to the Patient with and Adrenal
Incidentaloma,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism, Vol. 95, No. 9, 2010, pp. 4106-4113.
doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0457
[6] M. M. Walther, H. R. Keiser and W. M. Linehan, “Pheo-
chromocytoma: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment,”
World Journal of Urology, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1999, pp. 35-
39. doi:10.1007/s003450050102
[7] J. A. Virseda Rodríguez, J. Martínez Ruiz, P. Carrión
López, et al., “Pheochromocytoma: More than a Decade
of Experience. Review of the Literature,” Actas Urológi-
cas Españolas, Vol. 34, No. 10, 2010, pp. 888-892.
doi:10.4321/S0210-48062010001000013
[8] Y. Alderazi, M. W. Yeh, B. G. Robinson, et al., “Phaeo-
chromocytoma: Current Concepts,” Medical Journal of
Australia, Vol. 183, No. 4, 2005, pp. 201-204.
[9] B. L. Wajchenberg, M. A. Albergaria Pereira, B. B. Me-
donca, et al., “Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Clinical and
Laboratory Observations,” Cancer, Vol. 88, No. 4, 2000,
pp. 711-736.
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000215)88:4<711::AID-
CNCR1>3.3.CO;2-N
[10] G. Mansmann, J. Lau, E. Balk, et al., “The Clinically In-
apparent Adrenal Mass: Update in Diagnosis and Man-
agement,” Endocrine Reviews, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2004, pp.
309-340. doi:10.1210/er.2002-0031
[11] S. Kumar, P. Tiwari, R. K. Das, et al., “Virilizing Adrenal
Carcinoma in a 3-Year Old Boy: A Rarity,” Indian Jour-
nal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Vol. 31, No. 1,
2010, pp. 30-32.
[12] A. A. Ahmed, “Adrenocorical Neoplasms in Young Chil-
dren: Age as a Prognostic Factor,” Annals of Clinical &
Laboratory Science, Vol. 39, No. 3, 2009, pp. 277-282.
[13] S. B. Bavdekar, R. R. Kasla, R. C. Parmar and G. S.
Hathi, “Selective Testosterone Secreting Adenocrotical
Carcinoma in an Infant,” Indian Journal of Pediatrics,
Vol. 68, No. 1, 2001, pp. 95-97.
doi:10.1007/BF02728872
[14] R. D. Patel, A. V. Vanikar and P. R. Modi, “Giant Li-
poma of the Adrenal Gland: A Case Report,” Journal of
Medical Case Reports, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2011, p. 78.
doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-78
[15] K. Y. Lam and C. Y. Lo, “Adrenal Lipomatous Tumours:
A 30 Year Clinicopathological Experience at a Single In-
stitution,” Journal of Clinical Pathology, Vol. 54, No. 9,
2001, pp. 707-712. doi:10.1136/jcp.54.9.707
[16] K. N. Milathianakis, C. D. Farfarelos, I. M. Mpogdanos
and D. K. Karamanolakis, “Giant Lipoma of the Adrenal
Gland,” Journal of Urology, Vol. 167, No. 4, 2002, p.
1777. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65198-1
[17] R. T. Kloos, et al., “Incidentally Discovered Adrenal
Masses,” Endocrine Reviews, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1995, pp.
460-484.
[18] V. G. Patel, O. A. Babalola, J. K. Fortson and W. L.
Weaver, “Adrenal Myelolipoma: Report of a Case and
Review of Literature,” The American Journal of Surgery,
Vol. 72, No. 7, 2006, pp. 649-654.
[19] G. C. Fernandes, R. K. Gupta and B. M. Kandalkar, “Gi-
ant Adrenal Myelolipoma,” Indian Journal of Pathology
and Microbiology, Vol. 53, No. 2, 2010, pp. 325-326.
doi:10.4103/0377-4929.64314
[20] T. Yoshida, J. Saito, T. Takao, et al., “Adrenal Gan-
glioneuroma: A Case Report,” Hinyokika Kiyo, Vol. 51,
No. 2, 2005, pp. 93-96.
[21] Y. Qing, et al., “Adrenal Ganglioneuromas: A 10 Year
Experience in a Chinese Population,” Surgery, Vol. 147,
No. 6, 2010, pp. 854-860. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2009.11.010
[22] C. Erem, et al., “Adrenal Ganglioneuroma: Report of a
New Case,” Endocrinology, Vol. 35, No. 3, 2009, pp.
293-296.
[23] B. Geoerger, et al., “Metabolic Activity and Clinical Fea-
tures of Primary Ganglioneuromas,” Cancer, Vol. 91, No.
Copyright © 2012 SciRes. OJPathology