This experiment aims to summarize the regular pattern of low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas used in glazed tile heating. The tiles used for decorating which are heated by catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy than the conventional ones, moreover, pollutant emission produced in productive process is much less than before. This conclusion may provide a new way to glazed tile heating industry, and at the same time, provide a general method of using the catalytic combustion furnace.
In China, pottery plays a significant role in people’s living and production. China has a long history of ceramics manufacturing industry, which can trace back to 8000 years ago. According to the statistics, daily using ceramics, building ceramics and sanitary ceramics production all are the first one in the world, including building ceramics production which accounted for about 60% of the total output. Although ceramics industry is developing in a high speed and the production grows fast, there are still large gaps between China and developed countries in energy using efficiency. At present, China’s ceramic heating industry is still dominated by coal and fuel, while the foreign furnaces, which use gas fuel, can save half of the energy consumption [
As a kind of traditional architectural objects of the Han nationality, glazed tiles with colorful ceramic glaze, has been being seen as the pride of the building ceramic material for thousands of years because of its bright color and strong structure. Earlier in the Northern and Southern dynasties, glazed tile was widely used as decorations on buildings. Up to now, being highly praised by architects, glazed tile has been widely used in civil architecture such as factories or apartments.
Based on these aspects, the effect of low-carbon catalytic combustion tile heating cannot be ignored. Originated from the United Kingdom, lean natural gas-air mixtures using in the combustion catalytic combustion was brought to China and gradually developed into what it is now. In theory, when the temperature in a furnace is about 1200 degrees Celsius, catalytic combustion of heterogeneous catalysis discharges a very small amount of CO, nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons [
With the technology, we can produce tiles without fire so that the tiles can be more fine and glossy than the conventional ones.
In order to control the flow rate of natural gas and air, GMS0050BRSN200000 natural gas meter and CMG400A080100000 air meter with 0 - 50 L/min and 0 - 80 m3/h of full-scale range, which get electric from manostat to operate were equipped [
Put a tile embryo on the pallet, then the air is firstly let in gas volume to 3.7 m3/h, and the furnace starts running at the same time. Record the data every five minutes. After a few minutes, confirm the furnace is operating normally. The data were including temperature, concentration of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen oxide and methane. Initially, the door of the heating Furnace was fully opened, in order to keep the temperature not too high. When the temperature was relatively stable, the natural gas degree was adjusted into 5 L/min. At the beginning there was flame inside. When the flame extinguished and the catalytic combustion began, put the air degree into 5.7 m3/h. The moment the temperature was relatively stable again, the door was shut gradually to 7 cm between door and doorjamb. The subsequent experiment process was the same taking the distance between door and doorjamb to 3 cm, and then the door was completely closed. And after the door’s closing, the volumes of natural gas were adjusted into 6, 7, 8, L/min, at the same time, adjust the air into 6.9, 8.1, 9.2 m3/h. Until the temperature rose to 800 degrees Celsius, continued heating the tile and took about 50 minutes before finishing.
The Variation of Exhaust Gas Constituent.
Products are as shown in
Traditionally, tiles have to be heated twice and the whole process takes 11 days. During the process we must put out the fire to lower the temperature in the furnace. Furnaces burning coal and oil produce a huge quantity of smoke-pollution including SO2, NOx and CO. So it’s obviously that traditional methods to fire tiles cost a lot of time and cause serious environmental pollution. However, we can easily find that heating tiles with the technology of low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas almost completely avoids sulfide production, while emissions of NOx and CO reduced greatly. Moreover, the natural gas catalytic combustion technology greatly suppresses the N2 becoming NOx for its low reaction temperature, so, the impact on the environment can be much smaller comparing to traditional industry.
The project was sponsored by the Beijing Municipality Key Lab of Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering; Core Course of Heat Transfer and 2015 Funding Project (Building Environment and Facilities Engineering, Water supply and Sewerage engineering).
Ran Li,Kai Fang, (2015) Research on the Application in Glazed Tile Heating of the Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics,03,1010-1014. doi: 10.4236/jamp.2015.38124