This paper posits that the Big Bang was started by the creation of the reverse Higgs field as the massless particle-generating field derived from the absorption of the interuniversal void outside of the universe in the reversible multiverse. The interuniversal void surrounding every universe is to prevent the collision of expanding universes which have the inexhaustible resources of space-time to expand. The collision of expanding universes is permanently irreversible, forbidden in the reversible multiverse. To prevent the collision, the interuniversal void detaches the incoming mass-energy in the interuniversal void to keep expanding universes apart without collision. Inside of the universe, the absorbed interuniversal void with the property of the detachment of mass-energy was transformed into the reverse Higgs field that detached adjacent mass-energy in the universe, resulting in the conversion of rest mass (massive particles) into kinetic energy (massless particles) starting the Big Bang. During the Big Bang, the creation of the reverse Higgs field was followed by the conversion of massless particles except photons into massive particles through the absorption of the Higgs bosons. The absorption of the interuniversal void with zero vacuum energy also started the inflation by converting the high vacuum energy universe into the zero vacuum energy universe. The inflation followed by the Big Bang is a part of the reversible cyclic universe which explains the four force fields (the strong force, gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the weak force) and dark energy. During the Big Bang, the Higgs field and the reverse Higgs field produced the digital space structure consisting of attachment space (the Higgs field) denoted as 1 and detachment space (the reverse Higgs field) denoted as 0.
In the conventional theory of the inflation and the Big Bang [
The Big Bang started by the creation of the reverse Higgs field provides the explanation for the origin of the digital space structure described in the previous papers [
Section 2 explains the reversible multiverse, the Big Bang, the inflation, dark energy, and the cyclic universe. Section 3 explains the digital space structure.
The paper posits that the multiverse is reversible, forbidding any permanently irreversible phenomenon. A reversible cyclic universe containing temporarily irreversible phenomena is allowed. The collision of expanding universes is permanently irreversible due to the impossibility to reverse the collision of expanding universes, so the collision of expanding universes is forbidden. To prevent the collision of expanding universes, every universe is surrounded by the interuniversal void that is functioned as the permanent gap among universes. The interuniversal void has zero energy, zero space-time, and zero vacuum energy, while universe has non-zero energy, the inexhaustible resource of space-time, and zero or/and non-zero vacuum energy. To maintain the permanent gap among universes, the interuniversal void detaches the incoming mass-energy in the interuniversal void, so mass-energy stays permanently within universes only. Surrounded by the interuniversal void as the permanent gap among universes, an expanding universe with the inexhaustible resource of space-time expands without colliding with other universes. The detachment of the incoming mass-energy in the interuniversal void prevents the collision of expanding universes. As a result, the the properties of the interuniversal void include the detachment of mass-energy in addition to zero energy, zero space-time, and zero vacuum energy. On the other hand, the properties of universe include the attachment of mass-energy. The detachment and the attachment of mass- energy are equivalent to the repulsion and the attraction of mass-energy, respectively. In other words, the interuniversal void repulses (detaches) mass-energy, while universe attracts (attaches) mass-energy.
A zero-sum energy dual universe of positive energy universe and negative energy universe can be created in the zero-energy interuniversal void, and the new dual universe is again surrounded by the interuniversal void to avoid the collision of universes. Under symmetry, the new positive energy universe and the new negative energy universe undergo mutual annihilation to reverse to the interuniversal void immediately. Under reversible symmetry breaking, our dual universe has lasted a long time without reversing to the interuniversal void as described later.
The universe before the Big Bang was the cold universe without kinetic energy [
The diagram for the first step of the Big Bang is
The second step of the Big Bang was the exchange process between the partial absorption of the Higgs bosons (the mediating particles) from the external Higgs field and the partial desorption of the reverse Higgs field inside to become the interuniversal void outside of the universe. Under symmetry breaking, the second step was the partial reversal of the first step. In terms of the Higgs mechanism, the absorbed Higgs bosons provided the longitudinal components for massless particles to form massive particles, and desorbed the reverse Higgs field inside to become the interuniversal void outside to complete the exchange process. Photon without absorbing the Higgs boson remained massless in the partial conversion, and the unabsorbed Higgs boson became the observed Higgs boson [
The diagram for the second step of the Big Bang is as in
In summary, the two-step process during the Big Bang included (1) the conversion of rest mass (massive particles) into kinetic energy (massless particles) by the creation of the reverse Higgs field derived from the absorption of the interuniversal void outside of the universe and (2) the partial conversion of massless particles into partial massive particles by the partial absorption of the Higgs bosons from the external Higgs field outside of the universe.
In the previous papers [
[
The strings have to be 10D, and cannot be transformed into 4D, so strings had to be transformed into particles that allowed the change of the number of space-time dimensions freely to accommodate the transformation from the 10D universe to the 4D universe driven by the absorption of the interuniversal void.
Under reversible symmetry breaking, the positive energy universe absorbed the interuniversal void, while the negative energy universe did not absorb the interuniversal void. The positive energy universe started the abnormal expansion as the inflation-Big Bang, and at the same time, without the absorption of the interuniversal void, the coexisting negative energy universe started the normal gradual expansion from 10D to 4D dimension by dimension. The negative energy universe oscillates between 10D and 4D dimension by dimension. When the negative energy universe reaches 4D, without the absorption of the interuniversal void, the 4D negative universe without kinetic energy appears as dark energy to accelerate the universal expansion as described in
The multiverse can be considered as the digital multiverse consisting of +1 for positive energy universe, −1 for negative energy universe, and 0 for the interuniversal void. The sum of energy in the digital multiverse is 0, so the multiverse is the reversible digital zero-sum multiverse. In the reversible digital zero-sum multiverse, all phenomena have to be able to reverse back to the zero-energy interuniversal void. Through the asymmetrical absorption of the interuniversal void, the asymmetry between the 4D positive energy universe and the variable D negative energy universe allows the non-zero-energy universe and the irreversible phenomena to exist for a long period of time. The reversible digital zero-sum multiverse requires the asymmetrical non-zero-energy universe to be able to reverse back to the interuniversal void as in the
The digital space structure described in the previous papers [
Derived from the space of the universe before the Big Bang, attachment space is the Higgs field, and attaches to mass-energy continuously and reversibly. Derived from the interuniversal void outside of the universe, detachment space is the reverse Higgs field, and detaches adjacent mass-energy continuously. Attachment space relates to massive particles, rest mass and reversible movement, while detachment space relates to massless particles and irreversible kinetic energy adjacent to detachment space continuously.
The combination of n units of attachment space as 1 and n units of detachment space as 0 brings about three different space structures: binary partition space, miscible space, or binary lattice space as below.
Binary partition space,
In the cyclic universe as shown in
The absorption of the interuniversal void by the positive energy 10D string universe forced the 10D universes to be transformed from the 10D universes into the 4D universes, so strings had to be transformed into particles that allowed the change of its dimension number freely to accommodate the transformation from the 10D universe to the 4D universe driven by the absorption of the interuniversal void. The transformation of strings into particles came from the emergence of positive charge and negative charge that allowed the mutual annihilation of positively charged 10D strings and negatively charged 10D antistrings in the 10D string universes to produce positively charged 10D particles and negatively charged 10D antiparticles in the 10D particle universes. The force field involved in positive charge and negative charge provided the prototype of the observed electromagnetic force with charge. The observed electromagnetic force in binary lattice space around particles was created during the Big Bang.
The force field to represent the asymmetry between the positive energy 4D particle universe and the negative energy variable D particle universe provided the prototype of the observed asymmetrical weak force in the observed universe. The observed weak force in binary lattice space around particles was created during the Big Bang. As the result of the causality relationship between the 10D particle universe and the 4D particle universe, the electromagnetic force and the weak force were unified symmetrically as the electroweak force during the Big Bang. The symmetry breaking in the electroweak force occurred during the second step in the Big Bang.
This paper posits that the Big Bang was started by the creation of the reverse Higgs field as the massless particle-generating field derived from the absorption of the interuniversal void outside of the universe in the reversible multiverse. The interuniversal void surrounding every universe is to prevent the collision of expanding universes which have the inexhaustible resources of space-time to expand. The collision of expanding universes is permanently irreversible, forbidden in the reversible multiverse. To prevent the collision, the interuniversal void detaches the incoming mass-energy in the interuniversal void to keep expanding universes apart without collision. Inside of the universe, the absorbed interuniversal void with the property of the detachment of mass- energy was transformed into the reverse Higgs field that detached adjacent mass-energy in the universe, resulting in the conversion of rest mass (massive particles) into kinetic energy (massless particles) starting the Big Bang. During the Big Bang, the creation of the reverse Higgs field was followed by the conversion of massless particles except photons into massive particles through the absorption of the Higgs bosons. The absorption of the interuniversal void with zero vacuum energy also started the inflation by converting the high vacuum energy universe into the zero vacuum energy universe. The inflation followed by the Big Bang is a part of the reversible cyclic universe which explains the four force fields (the strong force, gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the weak force) and dark energy. During the Big Bang, the Higgs field and the reverse Higgs field produced the digital space structure consisting of attachment space (the Higgs field) denoted as 1 and detachment space (the reverse Higgs field) denoted as 0.
Ding-YuChung, (2015) The Big Bang Started by the Creation of the Reverse Higgs Field. Journal of Modern Physics,06,1189-1194. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.69123