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E. Adelberger, G. Dvali and A. Gruzinov, “Photon-Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, No. 1, 2007, Article ID: 010402. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402

has been cited by the following article:

  • TITLE: Photons Are EM Energy Superpositioned on TEM Waves

    AUTHORS: Hans W. Giertz

    KEYWORDS: Photon; TEM Wave; Wave-Particle Duality; Elementary Particle; Light Wave

    JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Microphysics, Vol.3 No.3, August 12, 2013

    ABSTRACT: The study displays that TEM waves (e.g. radio waves, light) consist of low frequency plane TEM waves where the radio frequency energy or light energy is superpositioned on these low frequency TEM waves. The superpositioned energy can be discrete and where its frequency ν determines its energy hv and where this superpositioned energy hv is the photon. The study shows that photons and TEM waves are described by the laws of electromagnetism. Hence, there is a duality between the photon and the TEM wave and also a duality between electromagnetism and quantum theory in this case. The low frequency plane TEM waves originate from a singularity in universe and have been described earlier. The study describes how energy from a generator, from light bulbs and radio antennas is superpositioned on low frequency TEM waves, resulting in medium frequency TEM waves, radio waves and light. The study displays that light from the sun consists of light energy superpositioned on low frequency TEM waves. The study describes methods enabling measurement of the low frequency plane TEM waves and the superpositioned energy.