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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A Fuzzy Expert System Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Cognitive Mapping Approach

  AUTHORS: Mohammad Hossein Fazel Zarandi, Mahdi Khademian, Behrouz Minaei-Bidgoli, Ismail Burhan Türkşen

  KEYWORDS: Concept Mapping; Expert and Student Models; Fuzzy Cognitive Maps; Intelligent Tutoring Systems; Expert Systems

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, Vol.4 No.1, February 28, 2012

  ABSTRACT: An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer based instruction tool that attempts to provide individualized instructions based on learner’s educational status. Advances in development of these systems have rose and fell since their emergence. Perhaps the main reason for this is the absence of appropriate framework for ITS development. This paper proposes a framework for designing two main parts of ITSs. Besides development framework, the second main reason for lack of significant advances in ITS development is its development cost. In general, this cost for instructional material is quite high and it becomes more in ITS development. The proposed method can significantly reduce the development cost. The cost reduction mainly is because of characteristics of applied mapping techniques. These maps are human readable and easily understandable by people who are not aware of knowledge representation techniques. The proposed framework is implemented for a graduate course at a technical university in Asia. This experiment provides an individualized instruction which is the main designing purpose of the ITSs.