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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Influence of Carbon Source on Biological Nitrogen Removal by Immobilised Bacteria

  AUTHORS: Wilawan Khanitchaidecha, Tatsuo Sumino, Futaba Kazama

  KEYWORDS: Nitrogen Removal, Nitrification and Denitrification, Carbon Sources

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.2 No.6, June 29, 2010

  ABSTRACT: Acetate, ethanol, and hydrolysed rice were used as external carbon sources in an ammonium removal process employing immobilised bacteria. The influence of the carbon source on the occurrence of free cells and total nitrogen removal efficiency was examined at C/N ratios of 1.5 (low), 2.5 (medium), and 3.5 (high). At the low C/N ratio, no free cells were found in the reactors and the use of acetate as the carbon source resulted in the highest total nitrogen removal efficiency, followed by ethanol and hydrolysed rice. The occurrence of free cells in reactors fed with acetate and ethanol led to a negligible increase in the total nitrogen removal efficiency with increasing C/N ratio. The results suggest that acetate is the most appropriate carbon source for nitrogen removal and that the number of free cells should be minimized to achieve the highest efficiency during long-term operation.