Cherpes, T.L., Meyne, L.A., Krohn, M.A., et al. (2003) Risk factors for infection with herpes simplex virus type 2: Role of smoking, douching, uncircumcised males, and vaginal flora. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 30, 405-410. doi:10.1097/00007435-200305000-00006
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TITLE:
Infant male circumcision: An evidence-based policy statement
AUTHORS:
Brian J. Morris, Alex D. Wodak, Adrian Mindel, Leslie Schrieber, Karen A. Duggan, Anthony Dilley, Robin J. Willcourt, Michael Lowy, David A. Cooper, Eugenie R. Lumbers, C. Terry Russell, Stephen R. Leeder
KEYWORDS:
Male Circumcision; Public Health; Infant Infections; Sexually Transmitted Infections; Cervical Cancer
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Preventive Medicine,
Vol.2 No.1,
February
24,
2012
ABSTRACT: Here we review the international evidence for benefits and risks of infant male circumcision (MC) and use this to develop an evidence-based policy statement for a developed nation setting, focusing on Australia. Evidence from good quality studies that include meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials showed that MC provides strong protection against: urinary tract infections and, in infancy, renal parenchymal disease; phimosis; paraphimosis; balanoposthitis; foreskin tearing; some heterosexually transmitted infections including HPV, HSV-2, trichomonas, HIV, and genital ulcer disease; thrush; inferior hygiene; penile cancer and possibly prostate cancer. In women, circumcision of the male partner protects against HPV, HSV-2, cervical cancer, bacterial vaginosis, and possibly Chlamydia. MC has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensitivity, penile sensation or satisfaction and may enhance the male sexual experience. Adverse effects are uncommon (
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