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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Optimized Design of a Hybrid Biological Sewage Treatment System for Domestic Wastewater Supply

  AUTHORS: Benjamin K. Kogo, Elijah K. Biamah, Philip K. Langat

  KEYWORDS: Wastewater, Waste Stabilization Ponds, Constructed Wetlands, BOD, Faecal Coliforms, Purification

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Vol.5 No.5, May 11, 2017

  ABSTRACT: This study is aimed at evaluating alternative designs of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) and constructed wetlands (CWs) for Kaputiei Housing Estate consisting of 2000 low cost housing units in Kenya. The entire analysis was carried out by simulating the effectiveness and purification efficiencies of WSPs and CWs in terms of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) reduction and faecal coliform (FC) removal under different scenarios of water treatment systems that included Re-sizing of the initial sewage treatment system, optimizing the design of the initial system and design of hybrid system for the estate. The graphic comparison of the simulated parameters under different scenarios showed that a hybrid design that combines both the WSPs and CWS provides an effluent BOD of 20 mg/l and 195 FC per 100 ml that meets the standard effluent discharge that is acceptable for unrestricted crop irrigation and thus will be reused in the housing estate for kitchen gardening and agroforestry.