European Commission “Commission Staff Working Document Annex to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, European Electronic Communications Regulation and Markets” Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, 29 March 2007.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Internet Districts in Italy: Is Proximity an Antidote against Weak Broadband Competition?

  AUTHORS: Alessio D’Ignazio, Emanuele Giovannetti

  KEYWORDS: Internet, Peering, Clustering, Interconnection, Competition in Networks

  JOURNAL NAME: Modern Economy, Vol.2 No.3, July 29, 2011

  ABSTRACT: We study the effects of proximity in the interconnections between Internet providers participating at the three main Italian Internet Exchange Points. We find that geographical proximity plays a role in driving Internet Providers’ interconnection, positively affecting the likelihood of an agreement. This suggests the existence of localized positive externalities in the form of mutual knowledge and reputation, one of the cited drivers underlying the formation of districts in non high-tech industries. We interpret these results as resulting from the necessity for cooperation in interconnection between smaller providers facing the weak competitiveness of the highly concentrated Italian broadband access market.